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5.3.2 Water <br />Mass-burn and RDFindneraton technologies and any VVTE that produces steam will <br />require a water supply, and all types of projects have a wastewater discharge. <br />Water is required for the boilers, and domestic water for workers is also needed. <br />Non-potable water may be used as cooling water for the steam condensers, but the <br />large cooling vvabar supplies necessary for condenser cooling are normally not <br />available, and cooling towers or cooling water ponds are provided as part of the <br />facility. . Air-cooled condensers are an option, but they increase capital costs and <br />reduce net power production. <br />If the energy is going to a otaarn customer, the water requirement may be increased <br />significantly from that needed for electricity generation, assuming that the customer <br />generally does not return condensate. Some projects may roganenate steam and <br />electricity for sale, such as district heating/cooling projects or those with a significant <br />steam user in proximity of the VVTE facility site. <br />Technologies such as gasification and anaerobic digestion will not necessarily use a <br />boiler. They may generate a gas stream for use off-site and not require a condenser <br />cooling water system. They may utilize the gas to power a turbine or piston engine. <br />These approaches are not inherent waterusens; however, gasification systems may <br />require water in the gas cleanup and processing. Each system would need individual <br />evaluation. <br />Biologic systems, including ethanol production and anaerobic digestion, are wet <br />processes. The question to be examined is how much water is required and how <br />much is recycled. The answers to these questions will be system -specifio. For <br />example, Arrow-Bio, which uses a water-based system, dainno that no water is <br />required for the pnoceasotherthan that in the waste, which is recycled. <br />GBB/CO8027-01 29 August 15, 2008 <br />