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5.2 Effectiveness of Waste Processing Technologies ............................ 25 <br />5'3 Environmental Issues of Waste Processing Technologies ................ 26 <br />5.3.1 Air Quality ...................................................................... ^o <br />�� <br />5.3.2 Water ............................................................................ <br />6.0 OPINION ON WHICH WASTE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES SHOULD <br />Table 3-1. U.S. Mass- Bu U Facilities .................................................. 5 <br />Table 3-2. Commercial Cellulosic Ethanol Plants in the U.S .................................. 8 <br />1O <br />Table 3-3. EUogasPnlduc�onin Europe ...-..—._.—~—~..-.—..--.----. <br />1O <br />Table 3-4. Biogas Firms in Europe .................................................................. <br />Table 4-1. Techno|ngiee/Vmndors Mentioned in Recent Procurements ................... 22 <br />Table 5-1.' Pro Forma Annual Operating Statement ............................................ 25 <br />B-2 <br />List of Figures <br />Figure 1-1-Solid Waste Management Hierarchy ................................................. 1 <br />Figure 5-1' <br />Dioxin Emissions from VVTE Facilities, 1990 - 2OO5 ........................... 28 <br />Figure 5-2. <br />Mercury Emission from VVTEFacilities, 1990 -2005 .......................... 28 <br />Figure B-1. <br />VVatervvaUFurnaoe Secton...-..—'....---..—....-..--.--.—.. �� <br />Figure B-2. <br />Typical Mass-Burn WatmrvvaU System ............................................ B-S <br />Figure 8-3. <br />Typical Modular Combustion Sy�enn.—..-._~.-.._.~-.-.'.~.. B� <br />Figure 8-4. <br />'' Typical RDFCon�buatkoh Fad|�y—.--.--.-....-.—..—~--..—'B-7 <br />Figure B-5. <br />Typical RDF Processing Schematic ................................................ B-8 <br />FhJuna B-G. <br />TVooa| RDF Fluid Bed .'-...---....-.—~—.—.~-..._. o-9 <br />Figure B-7. <br />'' <br />Typical Ga�ficatk»nSystern--._...—~..-,—.~.-...-..—.—'.'- <br />B-1O <br />RgunaB-B. <br />ROFHuid|zad Bed Gasifica�onSystenn'-..-...--..-_.—..—.~ <br />B-11 <br />Figure B-9. <br />EnTech Process Schematic ........................................................ <br />B-12 <br />Figure B-10. <br />Process Diagram of Pyrolysis System -...—.'..—.^.._~--.—'. <br />B-13 <br />Figure B-11. <br />Cross-Section ofa Plasma Arc Furnace ...................................... <br />8-14 <br />Figure B-12. <br />Process Flow of the BCyL Biomass Ethanol Plant .......................... <br />B-16 <br />Figure B-13. <br />Process Flow for Anaerobic Digestion System o ...-.'~.'—'...-...' <br />B-20 <br />Appendices <br />Ar1 Rrnlo Evaluated hv Recent Processing <br />' A-� <br />Studies orPnocurernents._..--...-.—.^.'~.'-.-_^.-...-...—.._~—'.~ <br />A-2 Summary of Municipal Waste Processing Technologies ............................ A-2 <br />8 Overview of Waste Processing Technologies .......................................... B-1 <br />GBB/C07063-01 iii August 15, 2008 <br />