Agenda - 10-07-2008 - 7a - Laserfiche WebLink

Browse Search

3, Sugar Separation Approximately half of the energy value in the cellulosic feedstock is captured in the sugars produced in hydrolysis. Fermentation will be more efficient if this is separated from other compounds, especially lignin. This can be a000np .. oneo with membranes. The lignin also contains about half of the energy and can ba used asan energy source for the process. ^&. Fermentation Once the cellulose has been broken into sugars, microorganisms are used to ferment the sugar and pnoducaethano|. Traditionally, baker's yeast has long been used in the brewing industry to produce ethanol from hexoseo (6-carbon sugar). When |ignoce||u|osic biomass ' 's hydrolyzed tm produce sugars, several sugars are produced including xy|oee and mrabinose (5-carbon sugars). A s a result, specially engineered microorganisms, mainly yeasts, have been developed and utilized in fuel ethanol production from aa||u|mse' S. Distillation The liquid resulting from fermentation is separated from any solids and heated to vo|at|ze the ethyl alcohol which is then condensed. The process is repeated to increase the ethanol concentration. An adsorption technique may be used toremove the remaining water to produce anhydrous ethanol. Because of the concern about using food crops to produce fuels and the potential cost savings, a large number of companies have developed cellulosic ethanol technologies, including: • AbangoaEUoenergy • 4Jico ° B|ueFineEthano| ° China Resources Alcohol Corporation (CRACl ° Dyadic International, Inc. ° GneenFie|dBhano| ~ Gulf Coast Energy ° IogenCorporation ° y4aacorna � PC}ETBionefinery ° Range Fuels � Bun[)pta Inc. ° Verenium Corporation ° Xethano| 1.3.2 BWogam Roger Haug defines composting as "the biological decomposition and stabilization of ' - organic substrates, under conditions that allow development of thernophUic temperatures as a result of biologically produced heat, to produce a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and plant seeds, an d can be beneficially applied to land." Composting of M�V or a portion of MSV suc h as yard waste is usually carried out in the presence of air (aerobically) to produce a soil amendment and to reduce the amount of MSV being deposited in landfills. When composting is done in the absence of air (anaerobically), the biogas produced contains a significant amount Roger T. Haug, The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering, Lewis Publishers, 1993. Aug�at15 2OO8 GGE/CO8027-01 B-17 ,