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NISW IN <br />j rl <br />'L <br />CONTROLLED <br />CONTROLLED <br />Alk <br />AIR <br />PLASMA HEATING SYSTEM <br />PLASMA HEATING SYSTEM <br />Figure B-11. Cross-Section of a Plasma Arc Furnace 13 <br />1.3 siologicall Fuel Production <br />Producing a"fuel" m�fmmo�an��ma�ra�inwas�bvb�ogca| � <br />��-- i U this fuel product takes the shape of <br />termed biological fuel production. Typically, <br />combustible gas or liquid formed when organic n ataho| in waste .breaks; down. <br />Decomposition of the organic portion of waste by microorganisms in the absence of <br />oxygen ' known as "anaerobic digesting,"creates methane (CH^) and other gases in <br />combination with about half the energy of natural gas. This bipgao can be used as a <br />fuel and burned for energy or power production directly. it can also be refinad.bu produce a pipeline-quality gas that is almost pure methane and further processed <br />into a liquid fuel like methanol. <br />1.3.1 Cellulosic Ethanol <br />Ethyl alcohol, ethanol, is a biofuel that is usually produced from sugar or starch but <br />can be produced from wood, grasses, or other cellulose containing material, <br />including the organic portion of solid waste. This is referred to as cellulosic ethanol. <br />It is chemically identical to ethanol from other sources, such as corn starch or sugar, <br />but has the advantage that the feedstock is lignocellulose raw material that is highly <br />abundant and diverse. (The word "cellulosic" simply refers to the source material.) <br />However, it differs in that it requires a greater amount of processing to make the <br />sugar monomers available to the- microorganisms that are typically used to produce <br />ethanol by fermentation. <br />13Beoplasma, Atlanta, GA. <br />- August 2008 <br />8 , <br />GBB/CO8O2J-01 ' 14 ._�-- <br />