Orange County NC Website
<br />Electric Vehicle Transition Plan & Charging Infrastructure Evaluation for County Fleet <br />Price Proposal <br />RFQ 367-OC5463 <br />December 23, 2025 <br /> <br />Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this proposal 6 <br /> <br />Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Analysis: ICF’s PowerGuide Analytics also provides us with the <br />capability to estimate the total cost of owning and operating each replacement vehicle, including upfront <br />and lifecycle costs as well as the capital and installation cost of EV charging infrastructure. The cost data <br />embedded in the PowerGuide is informed by available cost data from manufacturers (both vehicles and <br />charging manufacturers), dealerships, and the data collected from the municipality fleets across the <br />country. This TCO analysis, as shown in Exhibit 4, will compare the differences in TCO over the service <br />life of each vehicle between EV replacements and a scenario where the County only replace their vehicles <br />with ICE vehicles. The ICF team will estimate TCO on a vehicle-by-vehicle basis and will consolidate these <br />vehicle-level estimates into fleet-level transition cost estimates. On top of this, we add in estimates of <br />additional costs like downtime, labor costs to shuttle equipment for repair and a comparison of residual <br />value to provide critical data that the County needs to plan its budget into the future. The team will provide <br />high-level estimates and recommendations on the end -of-life salvage and disposal of EVs and their <br />batteries, compared to ICE vehicles. <br />PowerGuide does not restrict evaluating TCO under the traditional ownership model, but it can also assess <br />TCO under various alternative ownership arrangements, including financing and leasing. This model <br />flexibility allows us to determine cost implications under different scenarios, providing a broader perspective <br />on the economic feasibility of the transition. The project team will leverage this data, examining challenges <br />and opportunities associated with each ownership model. By considering each department ’s unique <br />operational needs, budget constraints, and strategic objectives, we will provide informed recommendations <br />on the types of ownership models the County could use for a seamless, cost -effective transition to EVs. <br />Environmental Impacts: In addition to the TCO, the ICF team will conduct a lifecycle assessment <br />accounting for emissions from electricity as well <br />as liquid fuel production and distribution. ICF’s <br />PowerGuide can evaluate the GHG emissions <br />reduction potential from the County’s electric <br />fleet. Our approach is based on lifecycle GHG <br />emission factors from Argonne National <br />Laboratory’s Alternative Fuel Life-Cycle <br />Environmental and Economic Transportation <br />(AFLEET) tool and data from EPA’s Emissions <br />and Generation Resource Integrated Database <br />(eGRID) to account for electricity carbon <br />intensity variation at the regional level. An <br />example of GHG analysis for a fleet ICF has <br />worked with in the past is shown in Exhibit 5 <br />below. <br />Exhibit 4. Example of TCO Analysis <br />$5,167,795 $6,390,859 <br />$2,697,017 $647,452 <br />$1,859,015 <br />$1,166,594 <br />$1,427,580 <br />$1,633,157 <br />$901,690 <br />$(1,422,760) <br /> $(2,000,000) <br /> $- <br /> $2,000,000 <br /> $4,000,000 <br /> $6,000,000 <br /> $8,000,000 <br /> $10,000,000 <br /> $12,000,000 <br /> $14,000,000 <br />ICE Replacements EV Replacements <br />Rebates and Incentives (Excl CVRP) <br />Make Ready and Facility/Utility Costs <br />Charging Infrastructure Installation <br />Charging Infrastructure Hardware <br />NPV Maintenance Costs <br />NPV Fuel Costs <br />Capital Cost <br />Docusign Envelope ID: 2559C90D-4549-45D0-8554-7958990EE7B9