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<br /> Table 2. Guild/species biological and ecological information related to habitat and connectivity needs, derived from
<br /> information in Biotics (NatureServe 2019c) or, where noted, FEIS(Abrahamson nd).
<br /> Focal Habitat and movement characteristics Sensitivityto
<br /> Guild name species
<br /> Taxonomic Barriers to development
<br /> (habitat (species Primary stressors
<br /> groups in guild Separation distance movement and
<br /> type) onetworbservatk) Poe Hobitotcomposition Unsuitable Suitable fragmentation
<br /> network{ size
<br /> Habitat Habitat I=
<br /> breeding:boggy streams,ephemeral Large streams Floodplain and
<br /> Wet-mesic amphibians, wetlands,usually in floodplains or and rivers, wetland
<br /> (riparian Four-toed , uplands near headwater streams roads, modification,
<br /> forests
<br /> hardwood 5 ha breeding birds salamander on-breeding:mesic hardwood 1 km 3 km suburban and High sensitivity human
<br /> and odonates) orests,mixed hardwood/pine near urban disturbances,water
<br /> etlands development pollution,roads
<br /> Dry-wet reptiles,
<br /> reeding:upland mixed 3-5 km High-traffic-
<br /> ardwood/pine,successional(herb, plume roads,
<br /> mixed amphibians, of 3 km(minimum Moderate
<br /> hardwood/ (forest
<br /> Box turtle 20 ha hrub,and woody) 1 km large rivers, Roads,habitat loss
<br /> pine forests breeding birds) a cessioding:bottomland hardwood, used) ❑even
<br /> sensitivity
<br /> uccessional development
<br /> Sparsely generalist reeding:upland and bottomland
<br /> settled species of large ixed hardwood/pine,successional, None; Roads,dense
<br /> mixed and small Bobcat 60 ha 50krn` 200 km`
<br /> b ith logs,fallen trees,or rock shelters avoidance of Moderate development,
<br /> hardwood/ mammals, or denning buildings and sensitivity human
<br /> pine habitats reptiles,(birds) on-breeding:upland and bottomland development disturbances
<br /> nixed hardwood/pine,successional
<br /> aData in Biotics(NatureServe 2019c)indicate home range size of less than 1 ha;however,to avoid including spurious patches
<br /> and to avoid excessive GIS computation time,the observed minimum patch size of approximately 5 ha(based on species
<br /> observations in the project area)was used.
<br /> 'Derived from minimum Bobcat home range provided in FEIS(Abrahamson nd).
<br /> "Derived from Bobcat dispersal information in Biotics(NatureServe 2019c).Dispersal distances for Timber rattlesnake are lower
<br /> (7 and 1 km for suitable and unsuitable habitat,respectively),but species observation data do not conclusively support the current
<br /> presence of Timber rattlesnake populations in the project area.
<br /> Barriers.By definition, characteristics of barriers are similar for terrestrial species within the same guild.
<br /> Information in Biotics indicates that developed areas, some roads, and some water bodies are the primary
<br /> barriers to movement for the focal species and habitat guilds in this project(Table 2). Developed areas
<br /> were identified from developed land cover classes in the EVT layer(LANDFIRE 2014) and building
<br /> footprint layers combined across the project area(Apex 2017, Carrboro 2017, Cary 2018, Chatham
<br /> County 2015, Durham City-County 2017, Orange County 2010). Areas of open water(large rivers, lakes,
<br /> and ponds)were identified from the EVT and NWI(US Fish and Wildlife Service 2017) layers. Streams
<br /> that were not wide enough to be identified as open water in the EVT classification were not considered
<br /> barriers. To classify roads as either barriers or non-barriers,the scientific literature(as compiled in Ernest
<br /> & Sutherland 2017)provides details on traffic volume,road characteristics, and roadway structures that
<br /> likely represent barriers to movement for large-and small-animal species groups(adapted for this project
<br /> as in Table 3). Roads, road characteristics,roadway structures,and traffic volume data for the project area
<br /> were obtained from NCDOT(2019a, 2017).
<br /> To represent known or potential wildlife crossing locations,barrier roads were considered permeable to
<br /> wildlife passage via known and presumed crossing structures(such as bridges, culverts, or pipes). Bridge,
<br /> culvert, and pipe location data were obtained from NCDOT (2019b). Ultimately,however,potential
<br /> wildlife crossings were represented primarily as intersections between barrier roads and permanent
<br /> streams from the National Hydrography Dataset(USGS 2018)because of incomplete mapping of bridge,
<br /> culvert,and pipe locations throughout the project area. Bridge locations over non-barrier roads were
<br /> included as potential crossing locations for the sparsely settled mixed habitats guild.
<br /> 22 A Landscape Plan for Wildlife Habitat Connectivity
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