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Competition is common among all canine spe- cies (wolves, foxes, coyotes, domestic dogs, etc.), and they will typically harass or kill other canine species in their territory. Canines respond more strongly to other canines than to other species, such as bobcats. For that reason, guardian dogs are considered especially effective at reducing preda- tion by coyotes—the number 1 predator of sheep and goats in the US. Effective livestock guardian dogs • bond well to livestock and travel with the herd • exhibit protective behavior against intruders • establish areas that predators avoid • remain on premises Problem livestock guard dogs • roam beyond ranch borders • leave the herd unprotected from dusk to dawn • are overly aggressive toward humans, live- stock, and nonpredatory wildlife • are ineffective at deterring predators Finding the right guardian dog Every dog has its own personality and every ranch has unique livestock protection needs. Some dogs prefer to stay with the livestock all the time, whereas others like to roam the perimeter. Some dogs are very aggressive and chase predators that invade their territory, whereas others dogs would rather remain with flock and bark to warn off predators (Fig. 1). Matching a dog’s behavior to the rancher’s needs is very important. Take the time to talk to dog breeders and other ranchers before buying a guardian dog. Some breeders market fully trained or bonded livestock guardian dogs. If you do not have guard- ian dogs and are suffering heavy predation, this is a good option because trained dogs can begin working immediately. Conversely, it takes 12 to 24 months for puppies to become effective guardians. Trained dogs are more expensive but they are often worth the investment. This is especially true if the breeder offers money back or full replacement guar- antees. The risks with purchasing a trained LGD include their running away or failure to bond with Figure 1. Most often, the dominant guardian dogs will investigate disturbances in a pasture and create a buffer space between themselves and their flock/herd. Photo provided by Reid Redden 2 Figure 2. Ranchers should use signage that indicates livestock guardian dogs are in the area. This can prevent conflict and provide contact information for people who suspect a problem. Photo provided by Reid Redden new livestock. Discuss these possibilities with the breeder before moving a dog onto your property. Before you release a guardian dog, tell your neigh- bors you are adding a dog or dogs to the ranch and what steps you would prefer they take if your dogs are found off the property. It is wise to use dog tags that include contact information and indicate that the dog is a livestock protection animal. Post signs on the ranch boundary with public roads to inform people that guardian dogs are working (Fig. 2).