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Pneumonia • Meningococcal Infections Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs causing inflam- • Pertussis (whooping cough) mation of the air sacs. Pneumonia can be caused by in- fluenza and respiratory syncytial virus. People that are ' Polio at risk for pneumonia include elderly, young children, • Rotavirus smokers, and those with pre-existing health conditions. In 2017, influenza and pneumonia ranked 11t" in leading • Tetanus causes of death in NC, with a total of 2,076 deaths com- • Varicella (chicken pox) pared to 1,886 deaths the previous year. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Vaccine Preventable Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections are diseases that are Vaccine preventable diseases are diseases that can spread from one person to another, typically during typically be prevented by obtaining required or recom- vaginal, anal, and oral sex. STI's are common and the mended vaccinations prior to exposure to the illness. majority of people who have them don't experience Vaccinations are widely recognized as one of the most symptoms. Without treatment, STIs can lead to serious important public health strategies ever created. New health problems, however, the good news is that getting immigrants are at greater risks of vaccine preventable tested is effortless and most STIs are treatable. The diseases, specifically if they have not received vaccina- table below shows the number of reported cases of STIs tions in their home countries. The use of vaccines has for Orange County and NC from 2016 - 2018. led to major improvements in child health. Many of the infectious illnesses that were previously experienced by While anyone can become infected with an STI, older generations, from chickenpox to polio to measles, • Young people and gay and bisexual men are at no longer affect most children today. Following the rec- greatest risk. ommended immunization guidelines, by the American Academy of Pediatrics, can help make children healthier. • Individuals 15-24 years of age account for 50% of all Vaccine preventable diseases include81: new STIs, although they represent just 25% of the • Diphtheria sexually experienced population. • Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Hib) • Young women face the most serious long-term health consequences of STIs. It is estimated that • Hepatitis A undiagnosed STIs cause 24,000 women to become infertile each year. • Hepatitis B • Compared to older adults, sexually active adoles- • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) cents 15-19 years of age, and young adults 20-24 • Influenza years of age are at higher risk for acquiring STIs for a combination of behavioral, biological, and cultural • Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) reasons. Table 15: Sexually Transmitted Reported Cases in Orange County and NC STI REPORTED CASES • • • • • • = • AIDS 4 593 2 582 3 509 Chlamydia 692 58,078 779 62,988 690 66,763 Gonorrhea 175 19,599 229 22,736 189 23,593 HIV 11 1,365 5 1,287 10 1,204 Syphilis (late syphilis) 7 758 15 1,009 14 1,201 2019 COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT 35