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Death and Disease cancer(55 lives lost), and breast cancer(59 lives lost). Majority of cancers are related to personal lifestyle or Life expectancy is a measure for the total health of a environmental factors, such as smoking and diet and are population. Chronic diseases and injuries are responsi- therefore preventable. Prevention and early detection ble for approximately two-thirds of all deaths in INC, or has successfully helped with the control of the disease about 50,000 deaths each year. When we look at life and ultimately deaths. Less preventable factors include expectancy in Orange County, we see that the overall age, gender, and family history. For some cancers, pre- average life expectancy is 82 years old. Male life ex- vention is more valuable than early detection. For exam- pectancy (80 years) is slightly lower than the county's ple, lung cancer takes many years to develop and often average, female life expectancy (84 years) is slightly spreads to other parts of the body before it is detected; higher, White individuals life expectancy (83 years) is because of this, lung cancer is better prevented74. almost equal, and African Americans life expectancy (75 years) is significantly lower 70. The disparities for African Among survey responders: Americans, compared to Whites, are highly associated 6% have been told by a doctor, nurse or health profes- with limited health care access, lack of trust in medical sional that they have cancer. providers, social racism, unemployment, and firearm deaths among young African American men71. Cancer, 40% of female responders have had a mammogram. heart disease, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases, and unintentional injuries make up the top five causes of 13% of male responders have been screened for prostate death in in Orange County72. cancer. Leading Causes of Death In the U.S., African Americans experience a higher burden of cancer having the highest death rate, and the The top leading causes of death vary by age group and lowest survival rate than any racial or ethnic group. This the top three leading causes of death by age are shown is often due to the lower socioeconomic status and less on page 3273. access to medical care. Among cancers, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among African Cancer American men and breast cancer is the most commonly Cancer is the number one disease killer among Orange diagnosed among African American women75. County residents, with trachea, bronchus and lung cancer being the most common cancers experienced. From 2014-2018, Orange County lost 247 lives to tra- chea, bronchus and/or lung cancer, followed by prostate Figure 21: Orange County Leading Causes of Death, 2014-2018, Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates per 100,000 Suicide 9.4 Nephritis, Nephronic Syndrome,and Nephrosis 10.3 Septicemia 10.6 Diabetes Mellitus 15.5 Alzheimer's Disease 23.5 Unintentional Injuries 25.5 Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases 27.1 Cerebrovascular Disease 28.8 Diseases of the Heart 111.9 Cancer (All Causes) 137.7 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 2019 COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT 31