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cloth, of which a yard and a half makes a matchcoat or mantile fit for their wear; as also axes , hoes , knives , sitars , and all sorts of edg ' d tools . Guns , poweder and shot , etc . are commodities they will greatly barter for (Alvord and Bidgood 1912 .9169470 as quoted in Stine 1990 : 18 ) . It is interesting that Lederer contrasted these "neighbor'' Indians to "further" Native Americans . These "further" groups were more interested in personal items for trade, such as "small looking glasses , picyures, beads and braclets of glass , knives, sitars , all manner of gaudy toys and knacks for their children" and other decorative and functional items ( Stine 1990018) . Lederer ' s accounts demonstrate that a well-established trading path was in existence , called the "Great Path, " the "Great Trading Path, " and/or the "Occaneechi Path" or "Occaneechi Trail" (Hargrove 1986 : 3742 ; Stine 1990 : 18 ) . It is unknown when this trade route was established, but it undoubtedly dates to prehistoric times . In the late seventeenth- century it extended for about 500 miles . It began in Piedmont Virginia (near modern Petersburg) in the vicinity of the trading post Fort Henry on the James River. From there it turned south and westward, eventually winding through the Eno River Valley (modern Hillsborough) , and then headed west by southwest to the villages of the Catawba Nation (near modern Rock Hill, South Carolina) (Merrell 1989 ; Meyer 1928 : 775 - 779 ; Stine 1990 : 184 9) . The importance of this trade route is suggested by the decision to illustrate the route on an early eighteenth-century map of the region (Figure 2) . Caravans of Virginia traders "with fifteen or more hired traders and sometimes more than one hundred pack horses loaded with trading goods brought from Europe each year traversed this route and brought back great quantities of light furs- beaver, otter, and muskrat" (Phillips 1961 : 177) 8 In 1670, the explorer Lederer stopped briefly at the village of the Shakori, which has been tentatively identified as the Jenrette archaeological site (31OR23Ia) in nearby Hillsborough (Davis and Ward 1991 * 45 ; see also Cross 1979) . The last Indian occupants of the upper Eno River basin are represented by the Jenrette phase (A. D . 1600 - 1680) and the Fredricks phase (A. D . 1680 - 1710) , both phases defined through RLA excavations near Hillsborough. Their investigations have shown that seventeenth- century Native Americans were again living in a small, palisaded village (Jenrette Site) along the Eno River (A. D . 1600- 1710) . These villagers seem to have preferred plain pottery, although some pots were decorated (brushed, or roughly smoothed, or corncob impressed, or simple stamped) . Jenrette phase sites tend to include European trade items such as beads , tobacco pipes , and gun-related artifacts (Davis and Ward 1991 : 45 ) . In 1676 , about six years after Lederer's visit, a number of refugee Indian groups in the north sought sanctuary near the Occaneechi Indian settlement along the Path on the Roanoke River (near the present boundary between Virginia and North Carolina) . These groups included the Saponi, displaced from their homes on the Rivanna and Otter Rivers to the north, the Tutelo from the upper Roanoke River, and the Conestoga. Warfare erupted between the Occaneechi and the Conestoga, and the latter were driven out . Later in the same year , the Saponi, Occaneechi and others were in turn driven out of the Roanoke River valley by a force of Virginians under Nathaniel Bacon, who opposed the Occaneechi control of the Trading Path ' s ford over the Roanoke River. The Occaneechi 8