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22 pollutant emissions , such as implementing vehicle emissions inspections or the use of special gasoline additives . Under extreme cases , non- attainment areas may lose sources of Federal funding (e . g . , for highway construction) for failure to take adequate action to meet Clean Air Act requirements . Geographic areas , usually metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) are used to draw the non- attainment areas . Chapel Hill is generally considered to be part of the Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill MSA for the purposes of reporting air quality. But , with respect to the possibility that the Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill area may be a non- attainment area for ozone , the non- attainment area has not been drawn . Definition of the area is part of a " designation" process , which has not begun yet . Based on discussions with staff at the NC Division of Air Quality, there are three options for how non- attainment areas could be drawn . Table 2 - 1 National and North Carolina Ambient Air Quality Standardsa Pollutant Primary National Secondary National North Carolina Standard Standard Standard PM2 , 5 (24 -hr avg) b 15 11gl m 3 15 ygl m 3 15 c / m , 65 ygl m ' 65 / m 3 65 ygl m ' PM j o (24-hr avg)b 50 ygl m 3 50 gl m 3 50 Ygl m 3 150 YgIM3 150 Ygl m 3 150 Tlgl m 3 CO ( 1 -hr avg) 9 PPM 9ppm. 35 ppm 35 ppm 03 ( 1 hr avg) 0 . 12 ppm 0 . 12 pin 0 . 12 ppm 0 . 08 ppin 0 . 08 ppm 0 . 08 ppm. S 02 ( 1 -hr avg) 0 . 03 ppm 0 . 03 ppm 0 . 14 ppm 0 . 14 ppm. 0 . 50 ppm 0 . 50 ppm. NO2 ( 1 -hr avg) 0 . 053 ppm. 0 . 053 ppm. 0 . 053 ppin Pb (24 -hr avg) 11 . 5 YgI m 3 1 . 5 ygl m 3 1 . 5 ygl m 3 ' Abbreviations * PM : Particulate Matter ; CO : Carbon Monoxide ; 03 : Ozone ; SO2 : Sulfur Dioxide ; NO2 : Nitrogen Dioxide ; Pb : Lead; Mean : Arithmetic Mean; Avg : Average b PM2 . 5 : Fine (respirable ) particulate matter with diameter of less than 2 . 5 ym ; PMIo : particulate (inhalable matter with diameter less than 10 ym 2