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97 <br />Comprehensive Review of <br />Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Options <br />USEPA and state air emission regulatory standards and permitting. Operating permit conditions <br />typically require continuous air monitoring and routine reporting to demonstrate compliance. <br />There have been many more modular WTE incinerators constructed in the United States than <br />either the mass -burn or refuse- derived fuel systems. In 1977, the first modular incinerator began <br />operations in North Little Rock, Arkansas to produce steam for the Koppers Industry's Forest <br />Products Division. Since that time, some 50 modular systems have been built in the United <br />,States (Exhibit 12 -4), almost exclusively to produce process steam for neighboring industries. <br />Some of these systems, for example, a plant in Fosston, Minnesota, have utilized the <br />community's solid waste as a fuel to produce steam to a district heating loop during the winter, <br />and electricity during the summer. Many of the newer facilities have incorporated electric <br />production capability. <br />Exhibit 12 -4. Comparison of Active Modular Combustion Facilities <br />Location <br />Startup <br />Design <br />Capacity <br />(tons/day) <br />Energy <br />Generation <br />Capital <br />Cost <br />($ millions) <br />Auburn, ME <br />1992 <br />200 <br />Steam <br />4.0 <br />Joppa, MD <br />1988 <br />360 <br />Steam <br />1010 <br />Pittsfield, MA <br />1981 <br />360 <br />Steam <br />10.8 <br />Alexandria, MN <br />1987 <br />80 <br />Steam /Electric <br />(0.5 MW) <br />4.2 <br />Fosston., MN <br />1988 <br />80 <br />Steam <br />4.5 <br />Perham, MN <br />1986/2002 <br />116 <br />Steam /Electric <br />(2.5 MW) <br />6.0 <br />Red Wing, MN <br />1982 <br />90 <br />Steam <br />2.5 <br />Fulton, NY <br />1985 <br />200 <br />Steam /Electric <br />(4 MW) <br />14.5 <br />Almena, WI <br />1986 <br />100 <br />Steam /Electric <br />(0.27 MW) <br />2.7 <br />Husavik Municipality, <br />Iceland <br />2006 <br />20 <br />Steam <br />3.5 <br />Scotget, Scotland <br />2009 <br />l80 <br />Electricity <br />40.0 <br />Turks and Caicos Island <br />2008 <br />4 <br />None <br />1.0 <br />U.S. Air Force, Wake Island <br />2009 <br />1.5 <br />None <br />0.5 <br />U.S. Department of <br />Defense, Kwajalein Atoll <br />2007 <br />32 <br />None <br />5.0 <br />V2.1 163 10/22/12 <br />