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75 Figure B -9. EnTech Process Schematic" As shown in Figure B -9, MSW is classified by a combination bag breaker and gravity separator process, termed a Kinetic Streamer. Oversize materials, which are basically inorganic, are directed either to a plastics recycler or a non - plastics recycling station, while the majority of waste (presumably organic) is directed to a dryer to remove entrained moisture. The dryer utilizes the latent heat inherent in the organic content of the waste to produce the heat necessary to drive the gasification process. The syngas can be fired in a waste heat boiler for steam and subsequent electric power production. 1.2.2 Pyrolysis In pyrolysis, an organic waste (MSW) is heated without oxygen (or air), similar to the generation of coke from coal or charcoal from wood. Both a char and a gas are generated. The gas is burned out in a gaseous phase, requiring much less oxygen than incineration. The char will usually melt at the temperatures within the pyrolysis chamber and will be discharged along with a black gravel -like substance, termed frit. Advantages of this process are in the lack of air entering the chamber and the resulting smaller size of system components. Without air, there is little nitrogen oxide generation and low particulate (soot) formation. There have been many attempts to develop this technology outside a laboratory or a pilot plant. In full - scale demonstrations in the 1970s, it was difficult to maintain a sealed chamber to keep air out, and waste variability creates problems in maintaining consistent operation. When the pyrolysis gas is fired in a combustion chamber that is part of the system, the system is classified as an incinerator. As shown in Figure B -10, MSW is shred into a uniform size capable of feeding into the thermal converter, or pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis gas generated is fired in a secondary combustion chamber, or thermal oxidizer, and passes through a waste heat boiler for heat recovery. Char drops out the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber for disposal or further processing for recovery of metals and other constituents. Although this system is marketed as a pyrolysis system, a combustion chamber is necessary for its operation (for destroying organics in the off -gas) and the presence of this chamber classifies the system as an incinerator. 11 Source: Entech. GBB/C08027 -01 B -12 August 15, 2008 Water a `o a u � Dried ° Organic Organic = c Q — Materials & Materials & MSW Wastec Residues Residues Entech Syngas Kinetic Dryer Gasifier Streamer � v Solid a o h � V Residue Figure B -9. EnTech Process Schematic" As shown in Figure B -9, MSW is classified by a combination bag breaker and gravity separator process, termed a Kinetic Streamer. Oversize materials, which are basically inorganic, are directed either to a plastics recycler or a non - plastics recycling station, while the majority of waste (presumably organic) is directed to a dryer to remove entrained moisture. The dryer utilizes the latent heat inherent in the organic content of the waste to produce the heat necessary to drive the gasification process. The syngas can be fired in a waste heat boiler for steam and subsequent electric power production. 1.2.2 Pyrolysis In pyrolysis, an organic waste (MSW) is heated without oxygen (or air), similar to the generation of coke from coal or charcoal from wood. Both a char and a gas are generated. The gas is burned out in a gaseous phase, requiring much less oxygen than incineration. The char will usually melt at the temperatures within the pyrolysis chamber and will be discharged along with a black gravel -like substance, termed frit. Advantages of this process are in the lack of air entering the chamber and the resulting smaller size of system components. Without air, there is little nitrogen oxide generation and low particulate (soot) formation. There have been many attempts to develop this technology outside a laboratory or a pilot plant. In full - scale demonstrations in the 1970s, it was difficult to maintain a sealed chamber to keep air out, and waste variability creates problems in maintaining consistent operation. When the pyrolysis gas is fired in a combustion chamber that is part of the system, the system is classified as an incinerator. As shown in Figure B -10, MSW is shred into a uniform size capable of feeding into the thermal converter, or pyrolysis chamber. The pyrolysis gas generated is fired in a secondary combustion chamber, or thermal oxidizer, and passes through a waste heat boiler for heat recovery. Char drops out the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber for disposal or further processing for recovery of metals and other constituents. Although this system is marketed as a pyrolysis system, a combustion chamber is necessary for its operation (for destroying organics in the off -gas) and the presence of this chamber classifies the system as an incinerator. 11 Source: Entech. GBB/C08027 -01 B -12 August 15, 2008