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73
<br />generates an off -gas that contains burnable gases (e.g., hydrogen and carbon
<br />monoxide) that can be used off -site, it can be classified as a gasifier.
<br />1.2.1 Gasification
<br />Gasification is the heating of an organic waste (MSW) to produce a burnable gas
<br />(approximately 85 percent hydrogen and carbon monoxide mix) for use off -site.
<br />While pyrolysis systems are primarily focused on waste destruction, a gasifier is
<br />designed primarily to produce a usable gas. As shown in Figure B -7, Thermoselect, a
<br />European firm represented in the U.S. by InterCity Waste Technologies of Malvern,
<br />PA, has developed a system composed of 400 TPD modules processing MSW.
<br />W ,sties
<br />"o 'l
<br />, CO.
<br />1,200'
<br />Oxygen generation
<br />facility
<br />Synthesis Gas
<br />Production "
<br />Hydrogen
<br />S n h i g. sc u bing Methanol
<br />Ammonia
<br />or
<br />Power
<br />generation
<br />Homogenization reactor
<br />�► Sulfur
<br />Clean water
<br />������--..##IIIF �► Salt
<br />Zinc Concentrate
<br />Figure B -7. Typical Gasification System9
<br />Waste is fed into a gasification chamber to begin the heating process, after being
<br />compressed to remove entrapped air. Some oxygen, sufficient only to maintain the
<br />heat necessary for the process to proceed, is injected into the reactor where
<br />temperatures in excess of 3,000 °F are generated. At this high temperature, organic
<br />materials in the MSW will dissociate into hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, water
<br />vapor, etc., and non - organics will melt and form a glass -like slag. After the gas is
<br />cleaned, water is removed, and the gas can be used for power generation, heating,
<br />or other purposes. The glass -like slag can be used as fill, or as a building material
<br />for roads, etc.
<br />A variation of the fluid bed incineration system described in this section is the
<br />fluidized -bed gasifier, shown in Figure B -8.
<br />9 Source: International Waste Technologies, Malvern, PA.
<br />GBB/C08027 -01 B -10 August 15, 2008
<br />High
<br />Temperature
<br />Reactor
<br />�'
<br />i
<br />9�gf�csaroC>latirnel
<br />—�1
<br />Press
<br />0
<br />Oxygen generation
<br />facility
<br />Synthesis Gas
<br />Production "
<br />Hydrogen
<br />S n h i g. sc u bing Methanol
<br />Ammonia
<br />or
<br />Power
<br />generation
<br />Homogenization reactor
<br />�► Sulfur
<br />Clean water
<br />������--..##IIIF �► Salt
<br />Zinc Concentrate
<br />Figure B -7. Typical Gasification System9
<br />Waste is fed into a gasification chamber to begin the heating process, after being
<br />compressed to remove entrapped air. Some oxygen, sufficient only to maintain the
<br />heat necessary for the process to proceed, is injected into the reactor where
<br />temperatures in excess of 3,000 °F are generated. At this high temperature, organic
<br />materials in the MSW will dissociate into hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, water
<br />vapor, etc., and non - organics will melt and form a glass -like slag. After the gas is
<br />cleaned, water is removed, and the gas can be used for power generation, heating,
<br />or other purposes. The glass -like slag can be used as fill, or as a building material
<br />for roads, etc.
<br />A variation of the fluid bed incineration system described in this section is the
<br />fluidized -bed gasifier, shown in Figure B -8.
<br />9 Source: International Waste Technologies, Malvern, PA.
<br />GBB/C08027 -01 B -10 August 15, 2008
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