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72 <br />SuTxnbmted <br />3 Uel Steam <br />FD Fan Bed Rermwal and Ewnomizxx Bag house 113 Fan Stack <br />Cleaning System <br />Figure B -6. Typical RDF Fluid Bed System$ <br />Fluid bed incineration is more efficient than grate burning -based incineration <br />systems. The bed is very effective in waste destruction and requires less air flow <br />than mass -burn or modular systems. The fluid bed, however, does require relatively <br />uniform -sized material, and RDF preparation is necessary for system operation, not <br />for resource recovery, as discussed above. <br />1.2 'Emerging" Technologies <br />There are many technologies currently being proposed for the treatment and <br />disposal of MSW throughout the world. Most of these involve thermal processing, <br />but some others comprise the biological or chemical decomposition of the organic <br />fraction of the waste to produce useful products like compost or energy products, <br />notably synthetic gas (syngas) for downstream combustion. <br />Thermal processing refers to a number of different types of technologies utilizing <br />heat as the mode of waste treatment. However, most of them, as listed and <br />described below, are variations of conventional incineration. <br />Gasification: Heating of an organic waste to produce a burnable gas (approximately <br />85 percent hydrogen and carbon monoxide mix) for use off -site. As long as the off - <br />gas produced from the system is usable and burned off -site, the system is a gasifier, <br />not an incinerator. Typically, the energy in MSW is both used to fire the system and <br />contained in the gas product. <br />Pyrolysis: A form of gasification where organic waste is heated without air. A gas is <br />generated that is burned in the gaseous phase, requiring much less oxygen than <br />conventional incineration. This process also generates a char, or frit, depending on <br />the process temperature. (Frit is a glassy, granular material that is uniform in <br />appearance.) The presence of a secondary combustion chamber for the burnout of <br />the pyrolysis gas requires that this system be classified as an incinerator. <br />Plasma arc: Plasma arc refers to the means of introducing heat into the process. <br />Essentially a plasma arc system is a pyrolysis or starved air process generating heat <br />by firing the waste with a plasma arc to produce a syngas, which is then combusted <br />to produce steam and /or electricity, and is classified as an incinerator. If the system <br />8 Source: Energy Products of Idaho, Coeur D'Alene, ID. <br />GBB/C08027 -01 B -9 August 15, 2008 <br />