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SWAG agenda 042215
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SWAG agenda 042215
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IN <br />Table A -2. Summary of Municipal Waste Processing Technologies <br />* Does not include risks related to procurement, such as vendor quality and deep - pockets (ability to provide technical, construction and operating guarantees; underwrite risks, etc.) <br />GBB /C08027 -01 A -2 August 15, 2008 <br />Technology <br />Environmental Issues <br />Economic Issues <br />Applicability to RI <br />RI Risk <br />Operations/ <br />Alternative <br />Description <br />Experience Record <br />Size Applicability <br />Reliability <br />Capital <br />Maintenance <br />Risks /Liabilit * <br />Summary <br />Unprocessed MSW fired in a <br />The predominant method of <br />Modules up to 750 <br />High proven <br />Air emissions (controlled <br />$200k to $262k per <br />$35 to $50 /ton <br />Proven commercial <br />Mass- <br />chamber built of water tubes. <br />WTE in the US and overseas <br />TPD, with total facility <br />reliability, over 90% <br />by statute). Requires <br />installed ton (high) <br />(moderate) O &M <br />technology at <br />Burn /Waterwall <br />Heat recovered for steam and /or <br />for decades. Over 60 plants <br />size over 3,000 TPD <br />residual disposal. <br />costs. Minimal <br />appropriate scale. <br />Very Low <br />electricity production <br />currently in commercial <br />materials recovery. <br />Requires new legislation. <br />operation <br />Unprocessed MSW fired in a <br />Substantial experience with <br />Modules up to 150 <br />High proven <br />Air emissions (controlled <br />$146k to $183k per <br />$50 to $60 /ton (high) <br />Proven commercial <br />Mass- <br />series of refractory chambers <br />facilities firing MSW in Europe <br />TPD, with total facility <br />reliability, over 90% <br />by statute). Requires <br />installed ton <br />O &M costs. Minimal <br />technology; limitations <br />Burn /Modular <br />followed by a heat recovery <br />and to a lesser extent in the <br />size up to 450 TPD <br />residual disposal. <br />(moderate) <br />materials recovery. <br />in scaling up to size <br />Low <br />boiler for steam and /or <br />U.S. <br />needed. Requires new <br />electricity production <br />legislation. <br />Shredded MSW, with ferrous <br />Dozens of facilities in <br />Modules up to 750 <br />Good proven <br />Air emissions (controlled <br />$158k to $198k per <br />$50 to $55 /ton (high) <br />Proven commercial <br />metals removed, and fired in a <br />operation since the 1970's <br />TPD, with total facility <br />reliability, over 80% <br />by statute). Requires <br />installed ton <br />O &M costs. Good <br />technology at <br />RDF/ Dedicated <br />chamber built of water tubes. <br />size over 3,000 TPD <br />residual disposal. <br />(moderate) <br />materials recovery <br />appropriate scale. <br />Low <br />Boiler <br />Preprocessing can increase <br />revenue potential. <br />Requires new legislation. <br />materials recovery. <br />Shredded MSW fired in a sand <br />One facility firing MSW in the <br />Facility size up to 460 <br />Good proven <br />Air emissions (controlled <br />High capital cost <br />High O &M costs. Good <br />Proven technology; <br />bed. Preprocessing can increase <br />US, other units in Europe and <br />TPD <br />reliability, over 80% <br />by statute). Requires <br />materials recovery <br />limited U.S commercial <br />RDF /Fluid Bed <br />materials recovery. <br />Japan <br />residual disposal. <br />revenue potential. <br />experience; scalability <br />Moderate <br />an issue. Requires new <br />legislation. <br />Heated MSW in oxygen- starved <br />One pilot plant in California <br />Pilot plant sized for 50 <br />Insufficient <br />Air emissions (controlled <br />High capital cost <br />High O &M costs <br />High risk, uncertain <br />environment produces a fuel gas <br />operating for 2 years <br />TPD MSW <br />experience to <br />by statute), Odors from <br />commercial potential. <br />Pyrolysis <br />that is incinerated to generate <br />establish reliability <br />MSW transport. Residue <br />No operating experience <br />High <br />usable energy - steam and /or <br />estimate <br />may have beneficial use. <br />with large scale <br />electricity <br />operations. May require <br />new legislation. <br />Heated MSW in oxygen- starved <br />Two facilities firing MSW in <br />Multiple modules of <br />Insufficient <br />Limited air emissions <br />High capital cost <br />High O &M costs <br />Limited operating <br />environment generates a fuel <br />Japan since 1998, 10 small <br />300 TPD MSW each <br />experience to <br />(controlled by statute), <br />(one vendor <br />experience at only small <br />Gasification <br />gas that can be exported for <br />units firing MSW in Europe <br />establish reliability <br />potential air emissions <br />estimates $235k- <br />scale. Subject to scale- <br />High <br />heat or power generation <br />and Asia <br />estimate <br />when gas is fired. Residue <br />$250k /installed ton) <br />up issues. <br />may have beneficial use. <br />Extensively <br />One facility in operation in <br />Operating facilities up <br />Insufficient <br />Odor, potential air <br />Low capital cost <br />High O &M costs. <br />Limited operating <br />preprocessed /Shredded MSW <br />Israel for less than two years; <br />to 300 TPD <br />experience to <br />emissions when gas is <br />Several materials <br />experience at small <br />Anaerobic <br />directed to a series of digesters <br />other limited facilities in <br />establish reliability <br />fired. Residue may have <br />revenue streams may <br />scale. Subject to scale- <br />High <br />Digestion <br />for gas generation that can be <br />Europe <br />estimate <br />beneficial use. <br />be available, <br />up issues. <br />exported for heat or power <br />eneration <br />MSW heated by a plasma -arc in <br />Two pilot plants in operation <br />Less than 200 TPD <br />Insufficient <br />Air emissions (controlled <br />Very high capital <br />Very high O &M costs <br />No commercial <br />oxygen- starved environment <br />since 1999 in Japan <br />MSW <br />experience to <br />by statute). Residue may <br />cost <br />experience to date. <br />produces a fuel gas that is <br />establish reliability <br />have beneficial use. <br />Subject to scale -up <br />Plasma Arc <br />incinerated to generate usable <br />estimate <br />issues. May require new <br />High <br />energy for steam and /or <br />legislation. <br />electricity. Similar to <br />gasification. <br />* Does not include risks related to procurement, such as vendor quality and deep - pockets (ability to provide technical, construction and operating guarantees; underwrite risks, etc.) <br />GBB /C08027 -01 A -2 August 15, 2008 <br />
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