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27 <br />5.2 Effectiveness of Waste Processing Technologies ............................ 25 <br />5.3 Environmental Issues of Waste Processing Technologies ................ 26 <br />5.3.1 Air Quality ......................................... .............................26 <br />5.3.2 Water ............................................... .............................29 <br />6.0 OPINION ON WHICH WASTE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES SHOULD <br />BE CONSIDERED FOR ORANGE COUNTY ................. ............................... 30 <br />List of Tables <br />Table 3 -1. <br />U.S. Mass - Burn /Waterwall Facilities ................... ............................... 5 <br />Table 3 -2. <br />Commercial Cellulosic Ethanol Plants in the U. S ... ............................... <br />8 <br />Table 3 -3. <br />Biogas Production in Europe .............................. .............................10 <br />Figure <br />Table 3 -4. <br />Biogas Firms in Europe ..................................... .............................10 <br />Table 4 -1. <br />Technologies /Vendors Mentioned in Recent Procurements <br />................... 22 <br />Table 5 -1. <br />Pro Forma Annual Operating Statement ............... .............................25 <br />B -2. <br />Table B -1. <br />WTE Facilities Worldwide ............................... ............................... <br />B -2 <br />List of Figures <br />Figure <br />1 -1 — <br />Solid Waste Management Hierarchy ................. ............................... 1 <br />Figure <br />5 -1. <br />Dioxin Emissions from WTE Facilities, 1990 — 2005 ........................... <br />28 <br />Figure <br />5 -2. <br />Mercury Emission from WTE Facilities, 1990 - 2005 ..........................28 <br />Figure <br />B -1. <br />Waterwall Furnace Section ........................... ............................... <br />B -4 <br />Figure <br />B -2. <br />Typical Mass -Burn Waterwall System ............. ............................... <br />B -5 <br />Figure <br />B -3. <br />Typical Modular Combustion System .............. ............................... <br />B -6 <br />Figure <br />B -4. <br />Typical RDF Combustion Facility .................... ............................... <br />B -7 <br />Figure <br />B -5. <br />Typical RDF Processing Schematic ................. ............................... <br />B -8 <br />Figure <br />B -6. <br />Typical RDF Fluid Bed System ....................... ............................... <br />B -9 <br />Figure <br />B -7. <br />Typical Gasification System ........................ ............................... <br />8 -10 <br />Figure <br />B -8. <br />RDF Fluidized Bed Gasification System ......... ............................... <br />B -11 <br />Figure <br />B -9. <br />EnTech Process Schematic ......................... ............................... <br />B -12 <br />Figure <br />B -10. <br />Process Diagram of a Pyrolysis System ...... ............................... <br />B -13 <br />Figure <br />B -11. <br />Cross - Section of a Plasma Arc Furnace ....... ............................... <br />B -14 <br />Figure <br />B -12. <br />Process Flow of the BCyL Biomass Ethanol Plant .......................... <br />B -16 <br />Figure <br />B -13. <br />Process Flow for Anaerobic Digestion System' ............................ <br />B -20 <br />Figure <br />B -14. <br />ArrowBio Facility in Haifa .......................... ............................... <br />B -21 <br />Appendices <br />A -1 Firms Evaluated by Recent Waste Processing <br />Studies or Procurements ..................................... ............................... A -1 <br />A -2 Summary of Municipal Waste Processing Technologies ............................ A -2 <br />B Overview of Waste Processing Technologies .......... ............................... B -1 <br />GBB/C07063 -01 iii August 15, 2008 <br />