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113 Comprehensive Review of Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Options years. Exhibit 12 -18 presents a visual summary comparison of the tipping fees estimated for the alternative WC technologies in the L.A. County studies and the tipping fees for operating WTE plants. The graph shows that the appropriate "average" tipping fee for a WTE plant is about $60 per ton. The estimated "low" and "high" range is estimated to be from about $35 to $80 per ton, respectively. Exhibit 12-18. Summary of Tipping Fee Range for Technologies 200 c 160-1 — - - D 140 Approx. national 120 average $60 /ton + 100 ' — 0 80 w 60 / — CL 40 ~ 20 Thermal(1) Thermal(2) Biological(2) (WTE only) (Alternative Processes) (Anaerobic) Technology (1 ) Existing operating plants. Le end (2) Proposed demonstration, small -scale Low end plants only. (B plants total) High end The tipping fee ranges for alternative technologies are provided as a crude comparison to the WTE tipping fee. A large tipping fee range, from low to high, is evident. These plots reflect expected uncertainties and risks at the time of the studies, which would not be unusual for technology that is still in the development or pilot plant stages. Most WTE plants in the U.S. have a capacity anywhere from 500 to about 4,000 tons per day and this affords them a valuable "economy of scale" over the much smaller proposed alternative technologies. Such a large range of tipping fees for alternative WC technologies may not actually be the case if a study were done today. Projected tipping fees are a function of many regional cost- factors, including: • Power production/ quality and quantity of syngas; + Air emissions and treatment; + Market for by- products; • Downtime/ equipment reliability; • Pre - processing requirements (sorting equipment, NW, etc.); • Operator experience; • Financial contributions by vendor; v2.1 i79 10/22/12