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<br /> Comprehensive Revie w of <br /> S olid W aste Collection and Disposal Options <br /> <br /> <br />v2.1 1 79 10/22/12 <br />years. Exhibit 12-18 presents a visual summary comparison of the tipping fees estimated for the <br />alternative WC technologies in the L.A. County studies and the tipping fees for operating WTE <br />plants. The graph shows that the appropriate “average” tipping fee for a WTE plant is about $60 <br />per ton. The estimated “low” and “high” range is estimated to be from about $35 to $80 per ton, <br />respectively. <br /> <br />Exhibit 12 -18. Summary of Tipping Fee Range for Technologies <br />0 <br />20 <br />40 <br />60 <br />80 <br />100 <br />120 <br />140 <br />160 <br />180 <br />200 <br />Ti <br />p <br />p <br />i <br />n <br />g <br /> <br />F <br />e <br />e <br /> <br />R <br />a <br />n <br />g <br />e <br /> <br />( <br />$ <br />/ <br />t <br />o <br />n <br />) <br />Thermal(1) <br />(WTE only) <br />Thermal(2) <br />(Alternative Processes) <br />Biological(2) <br />(Anaerobic) <br />Technology <br /> <br />(1) Existing operating plants. <br />(2) Proposed demonstration, small-scale <br />plants only. (8 plants total) <br /> <br /> Legend <br /> Low end <br /> <br /> High end <br /> <br />The tipping fee ranges for alternative technologies are provided as a crude comparison to the <br />WTE tipping fee. A large tipping fee range, from low to high, is evident. These plots reflect <br />expected uncertainties and risks at the time of the studies, which would not be unusual for <br />technology that is still in the development or pilot plant stages. Most WTE plants in the U.S. <br />have a capacity anywhere from 500 to about 4,000 tons per day and this affords them a valuable <br />“economy of scale” over the much smaller proposed alternative technologies. <br /> <br />Such a large range of tipping fees for alternative WC technologies may not actually be the case if <br />a study were done today. Projected tipping fees are a function of many regional cost factors, <br />including: <br /> Power production/ quality and quantity of syngas; <br /> Air emissions and treatment; <br /> Market for by-products; <br /> Downtime/ equipment reliability; <br /> Pre-processing requirements (sorting equipment, MRF, etc.); <br /> Operator experience; <br /> Financial contributions by vendor; <br />Approx. national <br />average $60/ton