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<br /> Comprehensive Review of <br /> S olid W aste Collection and Disposal Options <br /> <br /> <br />v2.1 163 10/22/12 <br />USEPA and state air emission regulatory standards and permitting. Operating permit conditions <br />typically require continuous air monitoring and routine reporting to demonstrate compliance. <br />There have been many more modular WTE incinerators constructed in the United States than <br />either the mass-burn or refuse-derived fuel systems. In 1977, the first modular incinerator began <br />operations in North Little Rock, Arkansas to produce steam for the Koppers Industry’s Forest <br />Products Division. Since that time, some 50 modular systems have been built in the United <br />States (Exhibit 12-4), almost exclusively to produce process steam for neighboring industries. <br />Some of these systems, for example, a plant in Fosston, Minnesota, have utilized the <br />community’s solid waste as a fuel to produce steam to a district heating loop during the winter, <br />and electricity during the summer. Many of the newer facilities have incorporated electric <br />production capability. <br />Exhibit 12 -4. Comparison of Active Modular Combustion Facilities <br /> <br />Location <br /> <br />Startup <br />Design <br />Capacity <br />(tons/day) <br />Energy <br />Generation <br />Capital <br />Cost <br />($ millions) <br />Auburn, ME 1992 200 Steam 4.0 <br />Joppa, MD 1988 360 Steam 10.0 <br />Pittsfield, MA 1981 360 Steam 10.8 <br />Alexandria, MN 1987 80 Steam/Electric <br />(0.5 MW) <br />4.2 <br />Fosston., MN 1988 80 Steam 4.5 <br />Perham, MN 1986/2002 116 Steam/Electric <br />(2.5 MW) <br />6.0 <br />Red Wing, MN 1982 90 Steam 2.5 <br />Fulton, NY 1985 200 Steam/Electric <br />(4 MW) <br />14.5 <br />Almena, WI 1986 100 Steam/Electric <br />(0.27 MW) <br />2.7 <br />Husavik Municipality, <br />Iceland <br />2006 20 Steam 3.5 <br />Scotget, Scotland 2009 180 Electricity 40.0 <br />Turks and Caicos Island 2008 4 None 1.0 <br />U.S. Air Force, Wake Island 2009 1.5 None 0.5 <br />U.S. Department of <br />Defense, Kwajalein Atoll <br />2007 32 None 5.0 <br />