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<br />
<br />NORTH CAROLINA POVERTY RESEARCH FUND 30
<br />Court Fines and Fees: Criminalizing Poverty in North Carolina
<br />Kahn, Andrew, and Chris Kirk. “What It’s Like to Be Black in the Criminal Justice System.” Slate,
<br />August 9, 2015.
<br />http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/crime/2015/08/racial_disparities_in_the_crimina
<br />l_justice_system_eight_charts_illustrating.html.
<br />Kennedy, David. “Black Communities: Overpoliced for Petty Crimes, Ignored for Major Ones.” Los
<br />Angeles Times, April 10, 2015. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/bookclub/la-reading-los-angeles-
<br />kennedy-ghettoside-20150404-story.html.
<br />Kopf, Dan. “The Fining of Black America.” Priceonomics. Accessed November 22, 2017.
<br />https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/.
<br />La Vigne, Nancy G., Elizabeth Davies, and Diana Brazzell. Broken Bonds: Understanding and
<br />Addressing the Needs of Children with Incarcerated Parents. Urban Institute, Justice Policy
<br />Center, February 2008. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/broken-bonds-understanding-
<br />and-addressing-needs-children-incarcerated-parents/view/full_report.
<br />LaFraniere, Sharon, and Andrew W. Lehren. “The Disproportionate Risks of Driving While Black.” The
<br />New York Times, October 24, 2015, sec. U.S. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/us/racial-
<br />disparity-traffic-stops-driving-black.html.
<br />Lakin, Jennifer, and Christy Hardee. 2000 Annual Report: North Carolina Courts: Working Together for
<br />Our Families and Our Future. North Carolina Administrative Office of the Courts,
<br />http://www.nccourts.org/Citizens/Publications/Documents/annrep00.pdf.
<br />Logan, Wayne A., and Ronald F. Wright. Mercenary Criminal Justice. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester,
<br />NY: Social Science Research Network, October 10, 2014.
<br />https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2309093.
<br />Maciag, Mike. “Riding Transit Takes Almost Twice as Long as Driving.” Governing, February 2017.
<br />http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-transit-driving-times.html.
<br />Makarechi, Kia. “What the Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias.” Vanity Fair, July 14, 2016.
<br />https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/07/data-police-racial-bias.
<br />Marsh, Andrea. “Rethinking Driver’s License Suspensions for Nonpayment of Fines and Fees.” In 2017
<br />Trends in State Courts, edited by Deborah W. Smith, Charles F. Campbell, and Blake P.
<br />Kavanagh. Williamsburg, VA: National Center for State Courts, 2017.
<br />http://www.ncsc.org/~/media/Microsites/Files/Trends 2017/Rethinking-Drivers-License-
<br />Suspensions-Trends-2017.ashx.
<br />Martin, Karin, and Kimberly Spencer-Suarez. Criminal Justice Debt: Costs & Consequences. The
<br />Fortune Society and John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 2017.
<br />https://issuu.com/thefortunesociety/docs/cj_report_/12.
<br />McLean, Rachel L., and Michael D. Tompson. Repaying Debts. New York: Council of State
<br />Governments Justice Center, 2007. https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-
<br />content/uploads/2012/12/repaying_debts_full_report-2.pdf.
<br />Morey, Marcia. “When Traffic Court Becomes Debtors’ Prison.” News and Observer, April 24, 2016.
<br />http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/community/durham-news/dn-
<br />opinion/article72612127.html.
<br />Mumola, Christopher J., Incarcerated Parents and Their Children, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special
<br />Report. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000.
<br />https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/iptc.pdf
<br />Murch, Donna. “Paying for Punishment: The New Debtors’ Prison.” Boston Review, July 21, 2016.
<br />https://bostonreview.net/editors-picks-us/donna-murch-paying-punishment.
<br />Nagrecha, Mitali, Mary Fainsod Katzenstein, and Estelle Davis. When All Else Fails, Fining the Family.
<br />Center for Community Alternatives, 2015. http://www.communityalternatives.org/pdf/Criminal-
<br />Justice-Debt.pdf.
<br />National Legal Aid and Defender Association. A Race to the Bottom: Speed & Savings Over Due
<br />Process: A Constitutional Crisis, June 2008.
<br />http://www.mynlada.org/michigan/michigan_report.pdf.
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