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14 become sunken below the pavementsurface,utility covers should be at least four feet beyondthe rumble strips totheedge of the paved installed mush with the adjacent street surface and/or adjusted when shoulder. Where guardrail,curb or other continuous obstructions streets are reconstructed or resurfaced. exist.additional wldih(2 feet extra width)may be needed to provide adequate clearance for bicyclists. Shoulder Rumble Strips Bicycle gaps(recurring short gaps)should be designed in the A shoulder rumble strip is a safety feature for motorists installed on a continuous rumble strip pattern to allow for ease ofmovement paved shoulder near the outside edge of the travel lane. It is made of bicyclists from one side of the rumble to the other. A typical of a series of millod or raised elements intended to alert inattentivro pattern is gaps of 10 to 12 feetbetweengroups of the milled-in drivers{through vibration and sound)that their vehicles have left elementsat 60 feet Intervals- the travel lane. Rumble stripsare placed as a countermeasure for drover error,rather than street deficlencres,and are typically used Decreased width of rumble strip and/or decreased offset width to on high speed facilities in rural areas. They are less applicable on the edge lino(travel lane)may provide additional space usable to urban and suburban street types. Where trey are used.rumble strips blcycllsts- on shoulders should be designed to lessen impacts on other users speclfleally bicyclists},Shoulder rumble strips with a narrow offset Rumble craps have typically been used Iu rural areas where run- of 9 inches or less from the edge of the pavement marking[travel off-load crash rban pins exist,and their use on urban freeways laney have been shown to be the most effective.because the(Inver is and possibly urban parkways should be determined on the meal of alerted soonor and it provides a slightly larger recovery area after bring he street Lipson other) and context- Rumple strips are generally not necessary on other complete street types. Irrslallatlon will healerted- considered on rural roads where posted speed limits and/or statutory Characteristics of and concerns aboutrumble strips that IImIt their speeds are at 55 miles per hour and above. Installation will be usefulnessor appllcatlon Include low traffic speeds.noise for adjacent considered along specific rural roads where signlhcanf numbers of run- residences.limited pavement width,presence of curb aria gutter, oft-road-crashes that Include any form of motoristInattentlon has been signlficard turning movements,and other conflicts for motorists,Identified- pedestrians and hrcyc lists- Bicycllsts are affected by rumble stri ps. As legal street and roadusers, bicyclists may be In the travel lane,but where paved shoulders are available andclear,bicyclists will often use them to avoidConflicts with faster moving vehicles In the travel lane. As described In Chapters 3 and 4,paved shoulders.if wide enough.can bean appropriate Iacility type for bicyclists on some higher speed roadways.such as parkways or rural roads. There are a number of measures that should be consideredto accommodate bicyclists when Installing rumble stri ps: Wide outside paved shoulders improve safety for all highway and road users.Where existing cross-sectionexists or Is available.allow Chapter 9 18o Narih Carolina Compleir Strsets Planningand Design Gwdclinei 36