Orange County NC Website
38 New Jersey Syringe Access Program Demonstration Project. (January 2010). <br />Interim report: Implementation of P.L. 2006, c.99, “Blood-borne Disease <br />Harm Reduction Act.” Available online at http://www.state.nj.us/health/ <br />aids/documents/nj_sep_evaluation.pdf. (date last accessed: December 12, <br />2012) <br />39 Silverman, B., Thompson, D., Baxter, B., Jimenez, A.D., Hart, C., & <br />Hartfield, C. (July 25, 2012). First federal support for community based <br />syringe exchange programs: A panel presentation by SAMHSA grantees <br />(Poster--WEPE234). Presented at the International AIDS Conference Poster <br />Session, Washington, D.C. Poster and abstract available online at http://pag. <br />aids2012.org/abstracts.aspx?aid=20133. (date last accessed: December <br />12, 2012) <br />40 Ibid. <br />41 Des Jarlais, D.C., Guardino, V., Nugent, A., Arasteh, K., & Purchase, D. <br />(2012). (unpublished data) 2010 National survey of syringe exchange <br />programs: summary of results. North American Syringe Exchange Network. <br />Available online at http://nasen.org/news/2012/jul/05/2010-beth-israel- <br />survey-results-summary/. (date last accessed: November 27, 2012) <br />42 Personal communication, state agency officials. <br />43 amfAR. (2012). Syringe exchange programs in the United States, 2012 <br />(map). Available online at http://www.amfar.org/uploadedFiles/_amfarorg/ <br />On_the_Hill/3_29_12_SEP_Map_FINAL.pdf. (date last accessed: November <br />13, 2012) <br />44 Des Jarlais, D.C., Guardino, V., Nugent, A., Arasteh, A., & Purchase, D. <br />2011 National Survey of Syringe Exchange Programs: Summary of Results. <br />Presented at the 9th National Harm Reduction Conference: “From Public <br />Health to Social Justice,” Portland, OR, November, 2012. <br />45 Ibid. <br />46 Harm Reduction Coalition. (2006). Fact sheet. Syringe exchange programs: <br />Reducing the risks of needlestick injuries. Available online at http:// <br />harmreduction.org/syringe-access/syringe-access-tools/seps-reduce- <br />needlestick/. (date last accessed: December 12, 2012) <br />47 Ksobiech, K. (2004). Return rates for needle exchange programs: A common <br />criticism answered. Harm Reduction Journal, 1(1), 2. <br />48 Des Jarlais, D.C., Guardino, V., Arasteh, K., McKnight, C., Milliken, J., & <br />Purchase, D. (17 November 2010). Current state of syringe exchange in <br />the known universe. As presented at the North American Syringe Exchange <br />Conference 2010 in Austin, Texas. Slides available online at http://nasen. <br />org/news/2010/nov/30/nasec-2010/. (date last accessed: November 13, <br />2012) <br />49 Doherty, M.C., Junge, B., Rathouz, P., Garfein, R.S., Riley, E., & Vlahov, D. <br />(2000). The effect of a needle exchange program on numbers of discarded <br />needles: A 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Public Health, 90(6), <br />936–939. <br />50 Oliver, K.J., Friedman, S.R., Maynard, H., Magnuson, L., & Des Jarlais, <br />D.C. (1992). Impact of a needle exchange program on potentially infectious <br />syringes in public places. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency <br />Syndromes, 5, 534–535. <br />51 Tookes, H.E., et al. (2012). A comparison of syringe disposal practices <br />among injection drug users in a city with versus a city without needle and <br />syringe programs. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 123(1-3), 255-9. <br />52 Lorentz, J., Hill, J., & Samini, B. (2000). Occupational needle stick injuries <br />in a metropolitan police force. American Journal of Preventive Medicine,18, <br />146–150. <br />53 Groseclose, S.L., Weinstein, B., Jones, T.S., Valleroy, L.A., Fehrs, L.J., <br />& Kassler, W.J. (1995). Impact of increased legal access to needles <br />and syringes on practices of injecting-drug users and police officers- <br />-Connecticut, 1992-1993. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency <br />Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 10(1), 82-9. <br />54 CDC. (December 2012). Fact sheet: New HIV infections in the United States. <br />Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/2012/HIV- <br />Infections-2007-2010.pdf. (date last accessed: January 4, 2013) <br />55 CDC. (December 2012). Estimated HIV incidence in the United States, <br />2007–2010. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2012, 17(4), (6-7). <br />Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/ <br />reports/#supplemental. Published December 2012. (date last accessed: <br />January 4, 2013) <br />56 CDC. (2012). HIV surveillance in injection drug users (through 2010). (slide <br />3) Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/idu/resources/slides/. (date <br />last accessed: December 11, 2012) <br />57 CDC. (November 2011). Fact sheet: HIV among African Americans. Available <br />online at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/aa/. (date last accessed: December <br />12, 2012) <br />58 Office of National AIDS Policy. (July 2010). National HIV/AIDS strategy for the <br />United States. (pages 31-37) Available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/ <br />sites/default/files/uploads/NHAS.pdf . (date last accessed: November 27, <br />2012) <br />59 Towey, K., & Fleming, M., eds. (2006). Policy and resource guide: Alcohol <br />use and adolescents (pp. 41). Chicago, IL: American College of Preventive <br />Medicine and American Medical Association National Coalition for <br />Adolescent Health. <br />60 American Public Health Association. (November 13, 2002). Syringe <br />prescription to reduce disease related to injection drug use (Policy #2002- <br />12). Available online at http://www.apha.org/advocacy/policy/policysearch/ <br />default.htm?id=288. (date last accessed: December 12, 2012) <br />61 Kolata, G. (1995, September 24). Sept. 17-23: the AIDS epidemic; scientists <br />endorse needle exchanges. The New York Times. Available online at http:// <br />www.nytimes.com/1995/09/24/weekinreview/sept-17-23-the-aids- <br />epidemic-scientists-endorse-needle-exchanges.html. (date last accessed: <br />December 12, 2012) <br />62 Provisional Committee on Pediatric AIDS. (1994). Reducing the risk of <br />Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection associated with illicit drug <br />use. Pediatrics, 94(6), 945-947. Available online at http://pediatrics. <br />aappublications.org/content/94/6/945. (date last accessed: December 12, <br />2012) <br />63 World Health Organization. (2004). Effectiveness of sterile needle and <br />syringe programming in reducing HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users. <br />Available online at http://www.unodc.org/documents/balticstates/Library/ <br />NSP/EffectivenessNSP.pdf. (date last accessed: December 12, 2012) <br />64 World Bank. (2003). Local government responses to HIV/AIDS: A <br />handbook. (page 16) Available online at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ <br />INTURBANHEALTH/Resources/1090754-1242053198381/handbook.pdf. <br />(date last accessed: December 12, 2012) <br />65 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2003). <br />Spreading the light of science: Guidelines on harm reduction related <br />to injecting drug use. (page 31) Available online at http://www.ifrc.org/ <br />PageFiles/96733/Red_Cross_spreading_the_light_of_science.pdf. (date <br />last accessed: December 12, 2012) <br />66 American Bar Association. (April 2011). ABA Washington letter: ABA urges <br />federal support for syringe exchange programs. Available online at http:// <br />www.americanbar.org/publications/governmental_affairs_periodicals/ <br />washingtonletter/2011/april/syringeexchange.html. (date last accessed: <br />December 12, 2012). <br />67 United States Conference of Mayors, Health and Human Services <br />Committee. (June 2000). Removal of legal barriers to access to sterile <br />syringes by injection drugusers. Available online at http://usmayors.org/ <br />uscm/resolutions/68th_conference/removal_hea.html. (date last accessed: <br />December 12, 2012)