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Models can be developed to characterize different <br />ideas about how the system works. In the adaptive <br />management and planning process, a model is used <br />as a representation of system behaviors and respons- <br />es, and can be as informal as a verbal description or <br />as formal as a detailed mathematical expression of <br />change. At this stage, models should incorporate <br />different hypotheses about how a system works but <br />also key uncertainties about process and management <br />effects. In a facilitated stakeholder workshop, partic- <br />ipants identify the various factors that are thought <br />to influence the conservation of the target species <br />or habitat, including the observed and predicted <br />climate change impacts on their targets (Table 5 -1). <br />For example, Figure 5 -1 represents how a group of <br />stakeholders may map out the climate change and <br />other direct and indirect threats that impact the <br />status of coldwater habitat and fishes using the soft- <br />ware tool Miradi (CMP 2010). <br />Photo: www.thinkstockphotos.com <br />Table 5 -1. In a stakeholder workshop, brainstorming all of the factors that are thought to influence the conser- <br />vation of target species or habitats can be a useful way to evaluate current threats. <br />ll�)II reo tl"ii rea'ts <br />Indi',re M. dVrW,e% s <br />Q oc II o II o g Ica II faoto Irk <br />Pla11' y'facto s <br />Increasing temperature <br />CO2 increases in the <br />Poverty in rural <br />atmosphere <br />communities <br />Lax local zoning <br />Loss of riparian area <br />Lack of support for climate <br />Lack of support for climate <br />Unregulated harvest <br />change legislation <br />change legislation <br />Overfishing <br />