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trees, and the technologies needed to convert them, are currently being field tested at the BCNC Biofu- els Campus and at 20 research stations across North Carolina in partnership with the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and NC State University (Figure 4 -15, BCNC 2010). North Carolina already meets 4% of its energy needs using biomass, rank- ing eighth nationwide in biomass utilization (Rich 2007). The majority of this biomass energy comes from wood -fired boilers and landfill gas -to- energy projects, but a small and increasing amount is derived from biofuel production. In an effort to ensure ecologically responsible devel- opment of biofuels, the Biofuels Center of North Carolina (BCNC) has partnered with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources to determine the environmental impact biofuels technology and their suitability for long- term development in the state (BCNC 2010). In addition, the BCNC is partnering with the Environ- mental Defense Fund (EDF) to develop a respon- sible economic framework for developing biomass resources in North Carolina. As a critical first step, EDF and BCNC created "Envisioning North Carolina's Biomass Future - A framework for thought and action" (EDF /BCNC 2009), which outlines the vision, core principles, policy considerations, and recommendations to achieve a sustainable biomass industry in North Carolina. Key raw Conversion Biofuels materials technology P4 J �r. @ raa��.�� maz Uan INN 04�y�1PvIWOpUia TV1qs aI mJ,1oriE l� tr (IVr J/uno . IF ,mal rary��dOlf Hr", ,aan 11 'vovtv,k -00 items%#* ijoovar .�o At,,,uf„mv/a,wt ', nl,"wali(In�$9ti %afa Ir�aW'�i 1/01 , S, Fl ore, r��a � —� I� —� Biodesel Figure 4 -15. Energy crops currently being field - tested in North Carolina for economic viability, and the possible technologies that could lead to biofuels production in this state (Based on "Biomass to Biofuels" (BCNC 2010).