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Table 4 -8. Types of biofuels (Source: Bringezu et al. 2009, © United Nations Environment Programme) <br />Bioethanol Breakdown of cellulosic <br />biomass in several steps <br />incl. hydrolysis and <br />finally fermentation <br />to bioethanol <br />Biodiesel and range <br />of "designer "- biofuels <br />such as hiohydrogen, <br />biomethanol, DMF * * *, <br />Bio- DME „` *, mixed <br />alcohols <br />Biodiesel, aviation fuels, <br />bioethanol, biobutanol <br />Gasification of <br />low- moisture biomass <br />( <20% water content) <br />provides "syngas” <br />(with CO, H2, CH4, <br />hydrocarbons) from w <br />liquid fuels and base <br />chemicals are derived <br />Bioreactors for ethanol <br />(production can be linked <br />to sequestering carbon <br />dioxide from power <br />plants); Transesterification <br />and pyrolysis for biodiesel; <br />other technologies <br />under development <br />Ligno - cellulosic biomass <br />like stalks of wheat, <br />corn stover and wood; <br />special- energy -or- biomass <br />crops (e.g. Miscanthus); <br />sugarcane bagasse <br />Ligno - cellulosic biomass <br />like wood, straw, and <br />secondary raw materials <br />like waste plastics <br />Marine macro -algae <br />micro -algae in ponds <br />or bioreactors <br />Fischer - Tropsch <br />synthesis can be <br />used to produce <br />various feedstocks for <br />chemical industry <br />(not only for fuel but <br />also e.g. plastics) <br />High - protein animal <br />feed, biopolymers, <br />agricultural fertilisers <br />Traditional use of biomass included for complete overview <br />Also known as straight vegetable oil. Plant oil used as direct fuel in transport is common in German agriculture with <br />about 838,000 tonnes mostly rapeseed oil in 2007, representing 1.4% of total fuel consumption in transport. <br />2,5- Dimethylfuran. <br />"Dimethyl ether <br />Source: own compilation after different sources <br />