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federal CSA monitoring and reporting requirements and providing guidance on what may <br />constitute a "suspicious order." These letters identified diversion and abuse of controlled <br />prescription drugs as a "serious and growing health problem," commanded that "distributors <br />must be vigilant" in determining who can be trusted to receive controlled substances, reminded <br />distributors of their obligation to identify and report suspicious orders, and provided guidance on <br />what circumstances may be indicative of diversion. <br />The wholesale distributors have readily admitted their monitoring and reporting <br />obligations. The major pharmaceutical distributors (the potential defendants here) are members <br />of the Healthcare Distribution Alliance ( "HDA ") (known until mid -2016 as the Healthcare <br />Distribution Management Association, or "HDMA "), a trade association that represents <br />pharmaceutical distributors throughout the Americas. Such members include, for example, <br />McKesson, AmerisourceBergen and Cardinal Health, the heads of which also sit on the HDA <br />executive committee and board. This membership is significant because, in response to DEA <br />requirements that distributors investigate and report any suspicious controlled substance orders, <br />HDA created "Industry Compliance Guidelines" for pharmaceutical distributors. These <br />Guidelines, which were developed with the "strong endorsement and expertise of [HDA] <br />members" not only function as admissions of the member distributors' duties, but also serve to <br />set out the industry standards to which these distributors may be held. <br />The distributors created these Guidelines "in recognition of a growing problem of misuse <br />and diversion of controlled substances," so that the distributors could "further scrutinize <br />purchase orders for these products," as they were required to do by law. As noted above, the <br />North Carolina County Opioid Litigation - Privileged and Confidential 5 <br />