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20 21 <br /> procedural motions listed in Rule 19. The possible subject <br /> matter of a substantive motion coexists with the board's legal <br /> powers, duties, and responsibilities. Indeed, since Rule 13 pro- <br /> vides that the board shall proceed by motion, the substantive <br /> motion is the board's exclusive mode of action.The procedural <br /> motions detailed in the following rules set forth the board's <br /> various options in disposing of substantive motions. <br /> Rule 17. Adoption by Majority Vote. A motion shall be <br /> adopted if approved by a majority of the votes cast, a quorum <br /> being present, unless an extraordinary majority is required by <br /> these rules or the laws of North Carolina. A majority is more <br /> than half. A quorum is a majority of the actual membership of <br /> the board, including any vacant seats. A member who has with- <br /> drawn from a meeting without being excused by majority vote <br /> of the remaining members present shall be counted as present <br /> for purposes of determining whether or not a quorum is present. <br /> Rule 18. Debate. The chair shall state the motion and then <br /> open the floor to debate, presiding over the debate according <br /> to these general principles: <br /> 1. The member making the motion or introducing the ordi- <br /> nance, resolution, or order is entitled to speak first. <br /> 2. A member who has not spoken on the issue shall be recog- <br /> nized before someone who has already spoken. <br /> 3. To the extent possible, the debate shall alternate between <br /> opponents and proponents of the measure. <br /> Rule 19. Procedural Motions. (a) In addition to substantive <br /> proposals, the procedural motions listed in subsection (b) of <br /> this rule, and no others, shall be in order. Unless otherwise <br /> noted, each motion is debatable, may be amended, and requires <br /> a majority vote for adoption. <br /> Comment: This rule substantially departs from Robert's Rules of <br /> Order. Each procedural motion in Robert's Rules of Order was re- <br /> viewed to determine whether it was appropriate for use by a small <br /> board; substantial modifications and deletions were the result. <br /> The following enumeration of procedural motions is exhaustive;if a <br /> procedural option is not on the list, it is not available. <br /> (b) In order of priority (if applicable), the procedural motions are: <br />