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g 20 <br /> particular proposal, he or she shall designate another board mem- <br /> ber to preside. The chair shall resume the duty to preside as <br /> soon as action on the matter is concluded. <br /> Comment: Good leadership depends, to a certain extent, on not <br /> taking sides during a debate. On a small board this may not <br /> always be feasible or desirable;yet an unfair advantage accrues <br /> to the side whose advocate controls access to the floor.This rule <br /> is designed to ensure evenhanded treatment to both sides dur- <br /> ing a heated debate. Ordinarily the chair should call on the vice- <br /> chair to preside if he or she finds it necessary to step aside. <br /> Rule 13. Action by the Board. The board shall proceed by mo- <br /> tion. Any member, including the chair, may make a motion. If two <br /> or more Commissioners speak at the same time to make a motion <br /> (or second), the chair shall determine, for purposes of recording <br /> action for the minutes, which name the clerk shall use. <br /> Comment: The chair may make motions, or the chair may <br /> invite another member to make a motion by saying"The chair <br /> will entertain a motion that..." <br /> Rule 14. Second Required. A motion shall require a second, <br /> followed by discussion and/or comments and a vote. <br /> Comment:The philosophy underlying the requirement of a sec- <br /> ond is that if a proposal is not supported by at least two mem- <br /> bers, it is not worth the time it would take to consider the mat- <br /> ter. A second does not necessarily mean that a member agrees <br /> with the motion,but that the member wishes the matter open to <br /> discussion. A second allows the matter to be discussed further. <br /> Rule 15. One Motion at a Time. A member may make only <br /> one motion at a time. <br /> Rule 16. Substantive Motion. A substantive motion is out of <br /> order while another substantive motion is pending. <br /> Comment: This rule sets forth the basic principle of parlia- <br /> mentary procedure: distinct issues are considered and dealt <br /> with one at a time, so a new proposal may not be put forth <br /> until action on the preceding one has been concluded. <br /> Robert's Rules of Order does not refer to substantive motions <br /> as such; instead it uses such adjectives as "main" or "princi- <br /> pal." Here, a substantive motion is any motion other than the <br />