Agenda - 10-03-2017 - 4-a - Endorsement of Proposed National Register of Historic Places Nomination for the Efland Home (NC Industrial Home for Colored Girls)

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20 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No.1024-0018 (8-86) ',.. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 22 North Carolina Industrial Home for Colored Girls Orange County,NC with academic instruction through the seventh grade as well as agricultural and domestic skills training.53 The Colored Orphanage of North Carolina in Oxford reincorporated in 1927 and remained the state's most sizable entity that served North Carolina's African American youth. The Duke Endowment facilitated land acquisition and the construction of the two-story, brick, 1925 orphanage school,which was named in memory of Benjamin Newton and Sarah Pearson Angier Duke's son, Angier Buchanan Duke, as well as a one-story 1934 administrative office. In 1935,the institution served 216 children, some of whom assisted with the cultivation of approximately 91 acres of the 450-acre campus. Student enrollment numbered 333, as the school accommodated African American youth residing in Oxford and the vicinity through eighth grade, after which they attended Oxford's Mary Potter High School.54 The Rockefeller grant that had subsidized North Carolina's Division of Negro Work for six years expired in June 1931. The state then assumed responsibility for funding African American welfare initiatives in thirty-five counties. NCFCWC president and NCIHCG board chair Minnie G. Pearson was one of nine African American leaders who served on NCSBCPW's Negro Advisory Committee. Oxford,North Carolina native William R. Johnson replaced Lawrence Oxley as head of the Division of Negro Work in 1934. The division's ongoing initiatives included placing students from Bishop Tuttle Training School for Social Work at St. Augustine's College in Raleigh as interns in public and private social welfare organizations.55 The need for publicly and privately subsidized social welfare programs and institutions increased during the Great Depression. However, some, like NCIHCG, faced significant financial and administrative challenges. NCIHCG's difficulties resulted in the reformatory's March 1939 closure. This left North Carolina's juvenile court system without rehabilitation facility placement as an option for young African American women. Some were committed to jails and others placed in institutions monitored by the NCSBCPW such as "boarding homes,"which provided foster care.56 53 The institution originated as the Orphan Children's Home Company,a church-funded entity;incorporated in 1914 as the Colored Baptist Orphanage of Winston-Salem;and reorganized in November 1923 as a nondenominational organization. Heather Fearnbach,"Memorial Industrial School,"National Register of Historic Places nomination,2015. 54 A March 20, 1948,fire destroyed the boys' dormitory,which was replaced the next year. NCSBCPW,North Carolina's Social Welfare Program for Negroes,Special Bulletin Number 8(Raleigh: 1926),35;North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company,""A`Charitable Object'Becomes a Monument to the Development of Negro Youth," The Whetstone,fourth quarter 1964;Brown and Esperon,"Central Orphanage." 55 NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the NCSBCPW, 1928-1930, 12-13;NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the NCSBCPW, 1932-1934, 86,88,90. 56 NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the NCSBCPW, 1938-1940(Raleigh:Edwards and Broughton, 1940),34-35.