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<br /> NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No.1024-0018
<br /> (8-86)
<br /> United States Department of the Interior
<br /> National Park Service
<br /> National Register of Historic Places
<br /> Continuation Sheet
<br /> Section number 8 Page 21 North Carolina Industrial Home for Colored Girls
<br /> Orange County,NC
<br /> state support until a $2,000 1927 appropriation. Thereafter, yearly state subsidies ranged from $1,375
<br /> to $2,000. Although the Efland facility had only one cottage with an intended occupancy of fifteen
<br /> young women, it filled a critical need in the state juvenile justice system until its March 15, 1939
<br /> closure.5o
<br /> By 1926,the Division of Negro Work employed social workers in nineteen counties with sizable black
<br /> populations. Fourteen of those men and women were African American. Although the division did
<br /> not initially establish an Orange County office,the first appointments placed social workers in
<br /> neighboring Alamance and Guilford counties. In addition, director Oxley undertook extensive
<br /> community outreach, speaking at meetings of African American civic, educational, fraternal, and
<br /> religious organizations including the Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. He regularly visited
<br /> schools, hospitals,jails, county homes, and the state's two reformatories that served black juveniles:
<br /> NCIHCG and Morrison Training School. Administrators and the public were therefore well-informed
<br /> regarding NCSBCPW policies.51
<br /> The juvenile court system committed significant numbers of orphaned delinquents to rehabilitation
<br /> programs in the late 1920s. In 1928, sixty-six percent of the 1,362 children placed in North Carolina's
<br /> five juvenile reformatories had suffered the death of one or both parents. The following year,
<br /> NCI ICG, headed by Mary E. Hill, housed twenty-two African American girls, all but one of whom
<br /> were between twelve and sixteen,years old. L. L. Boyd oversaw Morrison Training School's 164
<br /> black male charges. At the institutions for white youth,Eastern Carolina Training School (opened
<br /> January 1926)near Rocky Mount enrolled 89 boys, State Home and Industrial School served 345 girls,
<br /> and Stonewall Jackson Training School accommodated 742 young men. Mecklenburg Industrial
<br /> Home in Charlotte, although not classified by the NCSBCPW as a reformatory,was a detention facility
<br /> for delinquent white girls,most of whom were released on parole after brief stays.52
<br /> The state's two black orphanages benefited from facility improvements during this period. Memorial
<br /> Industrial School (NR 2015)moved from a small farm south of Salem to a new 251-acre campus near
<br /> Rural Hall in northwest Forsyth County in 1929. Prominent local architects Northup and O'Brien
<br /> designed the complex's central administration building,three residential cottages, and a power plant,
<br /> all executed in brick. Contributions from the Duke Endowment and local philanthropists including the
<br /> Reynolds and Gray families subsidized the campus acquisition, construction, and operation. Residents
<br /> cultivated a farm and attended a public graded school on the site. The institution provided residents
<br /> 5o Annual reports,NCIHCG,NCSBPWI,Box 163
<br /> 51 NCSBCPW,North Carolina's Social Welfare Program for Negroes,Special Bulletin Number 8(Raleigh:
<br /> 1926),9,22-25,40;NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the NCSBCPW, 1924-1926, 104-105.
<br /> 52 NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the NCSBCPW, 1924-1926,22-24,61;NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the
<br /> NCSBCPW, 1928-1930,70-71.
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