Agenda - 10-03-2017 - 4-a - Endorsement of Proposed National Register of Historic Places Nomination for the Efland Home (NC Industrial Home for Colored Girls)

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17 NPS Form 10-90D-a OMB Approval No.1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 19 North Carolina Industrial Home for Colored Girls Orange County,NC shoemaking. In addition to cultivating crops and tending livestock on the 631-acre farm,which included dairy cows and chickens,the boys learned to bake, cook, can, clean, and launder as they assisted with cottage upkeep. Basketball and baseball teams provided an athletic outlet and taught skills such as good sportsmanship and equitable play. The school's population grew to approximately five hundred within twenty years. State Home and Industrial School at Samarcand Manor in Moore County employed the same pedagogical approach. Beginning in 1918, young white women under the age of twenty-one resided in cottages where they learned domestic skills such as cooking, cleaning, laundering, sewing,weaving, and basket and hat-making. Teachers served as house mothers and led first through tenth-grade-level academic classes, as well as musical and athletic training. The girls planted and harvested fields encompassing approximately three-fifths of the 382-acre farm and raised chickens,pigs, and dairy cows. Residents were either admitted to the school by court order or by voluntary application and remained until reaching the age of eighteen or being discharged. The institution had more than three hundred occupants by the 1930s.45 Despite the fact that the North Carolina General Assembly's 1919 establishment of a statewide juvenile court system had resulted in more reformatory placements,there were no state-run institutions to rehabilitate African American delinquents. Orphanages served many at-risk youth, but did not typically accept those who had committed legal infractions. However, such institutions served as models as planning for African American reformatories ensued. Resident teachers typically educated first-through sixth- or seventh-grade students on site, but in some cases all children attended local public schools. In 1922,NCSBCPW evaluated three child-care facilities for black youth: the Colored Baptist Orphanage in Winston-Salem,the Colored Orphanage of North Carolina near Oxford in Granville County, and the Mary Lee Home for Dependent Children operated by Mary Lee Byerly in High Point. In addition to the licensed orphanages,many other child-care facilities operated throughout the state. Most served white children, but in 1922 NCSBCPW inspected and declined to license four African American child-care facilities: the Industrial Union Training School and Orphanage in Southern Pines,the National Nazarene Institute for Advancement of the Race in Greensboro,the Negro Family Orphanage in Wake Forest, and Mary Elizabeth Moore's school in Hiddenite.46 In 1924,NCSBCPW and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill received a grant from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund that subsidized a pilot demonstration program designed to advance African American welfare. Sponsors hoped that the initiative, launched on January 1, 1925, 44 NCSBCPW,Brief History of the Care of the Under-Privileged Child in North Carolina,Special Bulletin Number 13 (Raleigh, 1934),28-29. 45 Ibid.,29. 46 NCSBCPW,Biennial Report of the NCSBCPW, 1920-1922, 19,23.