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<br /> 125 r,,Flstudent ill a 1,000-.student multiply it by the needed building in the same area, or seek the help of
<br /> school area from step I to arrive at the a professional who knows the site
<br /> • Austere: from 90 ,,tiF/student in . building cost (line A): and the surrounding; region
<br /> a 2,000-student school to 105 c,F/ • Superb: 51161,.,~ The example project has a site
<br /> student in a 1,000-student school. • Grand: 5891,,,1- acquisition/demolition cost (line F.)
<br /> Estimated costs for the hypotheti- • Excellent. S-2!,,,F of $500,000.
<br /> cal 2,000-student high school in the • Moderate: S6lie„F 4. Estimate other project
<br /> chart are based on a desired func- • Economical: S50/ ,F costs. Estimate the costs of fixed
<br /> tional adequacy of excellent, or 135 • Austere: S39/,.;my equipment (line B), site develop-
<br /> Gsr/student. We then multiplied 135 To return to our hypothetical ment (line C), total construction
<br /> Gsr/student by 2,000 students for a example, the desired construction (line D), movable equipment(line F).
<br /> building area of 270,000 GsF. quality is excellent, or $72/,,,F. professional fees(line G), contingen-
<br /> 2. Determine construction Multiply the needed school area of cies (line H), and administrative
<br /> quality. Construction quality, ex- 2'0,000 ,,,F by $72/Gsr for an esti- costs (line I) using the following
<br /> pressed in dollar cost per gross mated building cost of S19,440,000. calculations:
<br /> square toot, is a measure of the qual- (Costs are in January 1988 dollars.) • Line B, fixed equipment: 8-12
<br /> ity of the building—its materials, 3. Estimate site acquisition/ of line A
<br /> systems, and construction. Austere demolition cost. The cost to ac- • Line C, site development:
<br /> construction quality often features quire an appropriate site and de- 10-15% of line A
<br /> concrete blocks, tilt-up concrete molish any existing structures will • Line D, total construction costs:
<br /> walls, or prefabricated steel build- vary. Factors that influence the cost lines A + B + C
<br /> ings, Superb and grand construction include location, topography, soil • Line F, movable equipment:
<br /> frequently includes such materials as and mineral types, utilities available, 5-20% of line A
<br /> marble, brass, high-quality woods, access roads, zoning, and_special • Line G, professional fees: 5-10%
<br /> copper, and brick. considerations such as lakes, historic of line D
<br /> The choice of construction qual- monuments, wildlife, water table • Line H, contingencies: 5-15% of
<br /> ity—like the choice of functional height, and the site's influence on line D
<br /> adequacy—is up to you. Determine aquifer recharge. • Line I, administrative costs:
<br /> the desired level of construction Base your estimate on previous 1-2% of line D
<br /> quality from the following list and site acquisition and demolition costs The chart shows these costs as
<br /> estimated for our hypothetical high
<br /> \. school.
<br /> Note that line C, site develop-
<br /> Chart You ment, does not include special ath-
<br /> letic facilities, such as large stadiums,
<br /> tennis courts, and swimming pools.
<br /> Recent trends for funding these spe-
<br /> cial athletic facilities include joint
<br /> This cost-estimate analysis chart' shows the total budget required (line participation with city recreation
<br /> J) to build a hypothetical school(excluding the costs of acquiring capital). departments, private and corporate
<br /> Before you can use this model to estimate the total budget required for contributions, and project phasing
<br /> a.building project, you must know line A, the building cost—that is, how over several years. These costs
<br /> many gross square feet (Gsr) per student and the cost per nsF—and line should be treated as lump-sum costs
<br /> E, the estimated cost for site acquisition/demolition. For information on in addition to the project budget.
<br /> calculating lines A and E, see the main article. 5. Estimate the total budget
<br /> required. Add up lines D, E, F, G,
<br /> A, Building cost 270,000 USE H, and 1 to calculate the total budget
<br /> at $72/Gsr $19,440,000” (line J) required—in our example,
<br /> B. Fixed equipment 8% of A 1,555,200 530,031,304.
<br /> C. Site development 15% of A 2,916,000
<br /> D.Total construction A + B + C 23,91 1,200
<br /> E. Site acquisition/demolition 500,000 Controlling variables
<br /> F. Movable equipment 8% of A 1,555,200 As our cost estimate model shows,
<br /> G.Professional fees 6% of D 1,434,672 many of the costs associated with
<br /> H.Contingencies 10% of D 2,391,120 building a high school do not vary
<br /> I. Administrative costs 1% of D 239,112 appreciably. That means the factors
<br /> J. Total budget required D & E through J 530,031,304 that do vary arc especially important
<br /> when you're planning your building
<br /> ., William Pena, Problem Seekrnk, 3rd ed. VC'ashington: .A I A Press, 1987. project budget. Those factors in-
<br /> Il •• All costs in this model are based on January 1988 dollars.
<br /> elude functional adequacy, con-
<br /> struction quality, and site costs.
<br /> Most school board members and
<br /> school administrators focus on re-
<br /> A 12 BUILDING EDUCATION — May 1989
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