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A bypass is designed to carry traffic through or around the urban area, thus <br /> providing relief to the city street system by removing from it traffic which has <br /> no desire to be in the city. Bypasses are usually designed to through highway <br /> standards, with control of access. Occasionally, a bypass with low traffic volume <br /> can be designed to function as a portion of an urban loop. The general effect of <br /> bypasses is to expedite the movement of through traffic and to improve traffic <br /> conditions within the city. By freeing the local streets for use by shopping and <br /> home-to-work traffic, bypasses tend to increase the economic vitality of the local <br /> area. <br /> APPLICATION OF THOROUGHFARE PLANNING PRINCIPLES <br /> The concepts presented in the . discussion of operational efficiency, system <br /> efficiency, functional classification, and idealized major thoroughfare system are <br /> the conceptual tools available to the transportation planner in developing a <br /> thoroughfare plan. In actual practice, thoroughfare planning is done for <br /> established urban areas and is constrained by existing land use and street <br /> patterns, existing public attitudes and goals, and current expectations of future <br /> land use. Compromises must be made because of these and the many other factors <br /> that affect major street locations. <br /> Throughout the thoroughfare planning process it is necessary from a practical <br /> viewpoint that certain basic principles be followed as closely as possible. These <br /> principles are as follows: <br /> (1) The plan should be derived from a thorough knowledge of today's travel <br /> --- its component parts, as well as the factors that contribute to it, <br /> limit it, and modify it. <br /> (2) Traffic demands must be sufficient to warrant the designation and <br /> development of each major street. The thoroughfare plan should be <br /> designed to accommodate a large portion of all major traffic movements <br /> on a relatively few streets. <br /> (3) The plan should conform to and provide for the land development plan of <br /> the area. <br /> (4) Certain considerations must be given to urban development beyond the <br /> current planning period. Particularly in outlying or sparsely developed <br /> areas which have development potential, it is necessary to designate <br /> thoroughfares on a long-range planning basis to protect rights of way <br /> for future thoroughfare development <br /> (5) While being consistent with the above principles and realistic in terms <br /> of travel trends, the plan must be economidally feasible. <br /> • <br /> 2.6 <br />