Orange County NC Website
• <br /> 1 . - -_ - <br /> K4f • <br /> C <br /> 8-53 INCENTIVE ZONING § 8.03(2] <br /> • may arise.13 An attack on such grounds-may, however, be difficult <br /> to sustain. As a general rule, the mere showing of a diminution in <br /> r <br /> v.Marinette County, 56 Wis 2d 7,201 NW2d 761 (1972)(no taking found where <br /> shoreland zoning ordinance forbade landowners from placing fill on their wetland <br /> property without a conditional use permit). <br /> Under the "arbitral-enterprise test (see Sax, supra at 62-63), when the state <br /> resolves disputes between competing P Pe g Private parties in its arbitral capacity, any <br /> resulting decrease in value of the landowner's property requires no compensation. <br /> • <br /> - On the other hand, when the government uses private resources for the public <br /> benefit, it acts in its enterprise capacity, and must compensate the owner for the <br /> taking.See,eg.Morris County.Land Improvement Co.supra, where the township <br /> restricted use of plaintiff's land to public recreational,wildlife sanctuary,and sewage <br /> treatment plant uses.Since the regulated properties had been added to the govern- <br /> . <br /> P 4 rya F Pte► $ <br /> meat's resources in severat of its enterprise categories, there was a taking. <br /> .;. Fora detailed treatment of the taking issue in the context of zoning and land use <br /> controls,see Pail V infitiz. <br /> 13 See Arverne Bay Construction Co. v.Thatcher, 278 NY 222, 15 NE2d 587, - - <br /> 117 AIR 1110(1938).To sustain an attack upon the validity of a zoning ordinance, <br /> an aggrieved property owner must show that enforcement of the ordinance and its <br /> restrictions would preclude the use of the property for any purpose to which it is <br /> • ' reasonably adapted. •. <br /> _ - , For similar holdings,see: - <br /> _ - California Mid Way Cabinet Mfg.Co.v.County of San Joaquin,257 Cal App2d <br /> . 181, 65 Cal Rptr 37(1967). <br /> • <br /> • Connecticut:Vartelas v.Water Resources Comm'n, 146 Conn 650, 153 A2d 822 <br /> • - (1959). <br /> Idaho:Ruark v. City of Caldwell, 87 Idaho 557, 394 P2d 641 (1964). • <br /> - Indiana:Indiana Toll Road Comm'n v.Jankovich,244 Ind 574, 193 NE2d 237 ' <br /> f+; <br /> (1963), app dism'd 379 US 487(1965). <br /> Massachusetts Campbell v.City of Boston,290 Mass 427, 195 NE 802(1935). <br /> • Missouri: Bellerive Inv. Co. v. Kansas City,321 Mo 969, 13 SW2d 628(1929). <br /> Oklahoma:Phillips Petroleum Co.v.Corp.Comm'n,312 P2d 916(Okla 1957). <br /> s - Pennsylvania:Valley Hills Civic Ass'n v.Bd.of Adjustment,414 Pa 367,200 A24 <br /> 408 (1964). <br /> Washington: Ackerman v. Port of Seattle, 55 Wash2d 400, 348 P2d 664, 77 <br /> ALR2d 1344(1960). <br /> Also,see Benson,"Bonus or Incentive Zoning—Legal Implications,"21 Syracuse <br /> L Rev 895, 897(1970), where the-author quotes from Professor Mandelker who. <br /> at a Zoning Conference at the New School for Social Research,May 15-17, 1969, <br /> commented that: <br /> . "(T]he more the residual zone is away from what ought to be on the spot,I think <br /> the greater opportunity there is going to be for a successful attack on the underly- <br /> ing residual zone.. .. [A]s the project moves along at the much higher densities <br /> or intensities.... the underlying residual zoning, I think,will become more and <br /> more open to attack." <br /> (Zoning Lawn <br /> • <br />