2015-276-E Arts - Estes Hills Elementary School PTA Arts Grant

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DocuSign Envelope ID:8COC6AOF-56EE-46F5-A733-01 0A357A1 EFA well-known cities include Darwin, Kimberley, Cairns, Hobart and Alice Springs. About 80 percent of Australia's population is located in the southeast, which includes Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra. ... has a tropical/warm climate year-round in the northern regions. The rest of the country is warm during the summers and cool during the winters. The Aussie interior gets extremely hot during the summer, with temperatures sometimes exceeding 110 degrees Fahrenheit. AUSTRALIA: Human History ... was first settled by Europeans in 1788, when 780 British convicts arrived by ship near present- day Sydney. Many of the prisoners were shipped to Australia for offenses such as speaking out against the government and defaulting on loans. The first free settlers arrived in 1793. ... since 1901, has evolved from a colony of the United Kingdom to an independent and sovereign democratic nation. Australia Day (Jan. 26) is an annual celebration of Australia's nationhood, commemorating the ceremonious unfurling of the British flag at the head of Sydney Cove by Governor Arthur Phillip in 1788. Many Australians, however, have termed Australia Day as Invasion Day, in reference to the ensuing Aboriginal subjugation. ... has two indigenous peoples: the Aboriginal people and the Torres Strait Islanders. Although these two cultures share many traits and traditions, they are distinct ethnic groups. Just as our Native Americans were the first guardians of North America, the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders are the original custodians of Australia. Indigenous Australians prefer to use the terms "Aboriginal person(s)" or "Aboriginal people(s)" rather than "Aborigine(s)." Many people consider "Aborigine(s)" to be culturally insensitive and offensive. THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ... ... have one of the longest continuously existing cultures on earth. Many scientists believe the ancestors of present-day Aboriginal people first arrived in Australia from southeast Asia, via New Guinea, about 50,000 years ago. They probably came in multiple migrations, traveling in small boats or rafts, and walking across islands whenever possible. ... traditionally do not call themselves Aboriginal. Different groups have different names, depending on which languages they speak and where they live. For example, the Koori people come from the Koori lands, in the modern-day states of Victoria and New South Wales, while the Murray people live in present-day Queensland. Instead of using the names, however, the first European settlers called all the original peoples Aborigines. "Aborigine" is derived from the Latin term ab origine, which means "from the beginning." Many indigenous Australians consider "Aborigine(s)" culturally insensitive and offensive. ... are very connected - physically and spiritually - with the land and sea, and all the creatures in those environments. A common Aboriginal expression is "The land is my mother." ... believe spirit ancestors at the beginning of time created the world, all its creatures and the Aboriginal way of life, and that everything, past and present, is related. "Dreamtime" or "Dreamings" are legends that tell of the experiences of the creation ancestors. ... are linked to the creation time and nature through their totems, which are animal or natural objects that symbolize a family or clan. Whatever a person's totem, he or she must learn everything about it and never destroy or eat it. This is one of the Aboriginal ways of conserving the environment and all its creatures. ... were once divided into at least 250 groups, with a common religion but different customs and languages. Peoples' lifestyles varied a great deal, depending on where they lived. Desert tribes moved often, over a wide area, in search of water and food. Groups in wetter areas stayed in a fairly small region, moving just two or three times a year. Each tribe occupied a certain homeland and respected the homelands of others. Permission was needed to travel through someone else's land. More than two-thirds