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An explanation of streamside management zones is located at: http:/ /www.woodlandstewardseries.com/ landowner - information - for - managing- woodland / documents/ ExplainingStreamsideManagementZones .pddf 157 Wildlife has four basic requirements: food, cover, water and space. Different wildlife species require different stages of forest growth to meet these needs. For example, quail and partridge feed on seeds of annual and perennial weeds and grasses that occur in young stands of timber, where sunlight reaches the forest floor. This is early successional habitat. Pileated woodpeckers depend on dead and rotting trees found in mature forests. This is late successional habitat. Still other wildlife prefer mid - successional habitat. Several factors determine how many species a forest can support - plant cover, harvest operations, water resources and topography. Many properties may have woodland, streams, swamps, rivers, ponds, and areas that adjoin fields, pastures, roads and other openings. Managing these "edges" is crucial to abundant populations of some wildlife species. The relationship between vegetation management and wildlife species habitat is well established. Understanding relationships is the first step in determining how property can be managed to promote the intended species. For more information on managing fish and wildlife and ponds contact a Forest Stewardship Biologist at http://ncforestservice. Gov /fsandfl /stewardshii) contacts.htm or visit the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission webpage: ham: / /www.ncwildlife.org/ Wildlife on This Property: As noted earlier, many habitat types are represented on the property and thus a high diversity of animal species inhabits the property as well. Several effective strategies that will maintain and enhance wildlife species on this property include: - Managing for edge habitat with irregularly shaped harvest areas - Maintaining scattered older mast producing trees across the forest - Protecting the pond, riparian buffers, and beaver populations - Cultivating soft mast producing species in the forest gardens and permaculture areas - Reducing the mowing cycle to three years in some areas - Attempting to maintain a mixture of young, middle -aged, and old timber stands Threatened and Endangered Species The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program provides information on state and federal threatened and endangered (T &E) plants and wildlife, habitats of particular conservation concern, and stewardship actions designed to benefit these important natural resources. The site has an online mapping tool, "The Virtual Workroom ", that can provide geographic information on T &E species and natural communities of concern that are within a 2 -mile radius of a specified location. A searchable database that can provide county -level and US Geological Survey (USGS) information is also available. The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program lists T &E species information at the following websites: 10