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<br /> Association of Telecommunications Officers and and lattice,or self-support cowers,which have three or four
<br /> Administrators,the U.S.Conference of Mayors,the National sides of open-framed steel supports.Some cellular antennas can
<br /> Lague of Cities,and the National Association of Counties have occupy space on other types of communication towers when the
<br /> filed similar objections. engineering is feasible.This is known'as using a donor site to
<br /> troubleshoot a small gap or dead spot within the grid.A micro-
<br /> Naftre of tbo Tiswal"Y cell or repeater facility is installed on a preexisting cower to
<br /> Low-power mobile radio communication,also known as cellular ensure chat transmissions witbin that area are dear.Antennas
<br /> communication,is accomplished by linking a wireless network can also be placed on rooftops and other building features if the
<br /> of radio wave transmitting devices(portable phones,pagers,or building's height can accommodate their service area.In
<br /> car phones) to the conventional ground-wired communiacions addition,antennas have been mounted on silos,water ranks,
<br /> system(telephone lines) through a series of short-range, windmills,and smokestacks.As cellular use proliferates and the
<br /> contiguous cells that are part of an evolving cell grid. technology improves,the trend toward shorter towers and less
<br /> For example,a portable phone transmits a signal co the obtrusive mounting fixtures is likely to prevail.
<br /> nearest cellular antenna.The call is relayed from the antenna to Antennas are of three types:omnidirectional,directional,and
<br /> the nearest land-based telephone line or microwave dish,and microwave. Omnidirectional antennas,also called whip
<br /> then to a central switching computer.From there,.the all is antennas,serve a 360-degree area.Directional antennas,also
<br /> sent to its destination,either a land-based telephone via the known as panel antennas or rectangular antennas,are used to
<br /> land-based line or another mobile communication device via the achieve transmission or reception in a specific direction.
<br /> closest cellular antenna. Microwave antennas are used to link different types of
<br /> Calls an originate or be received from a wireless source telecommunications facilities,such as when a portable phone
<br /> because antennas share a fixed number of frequencies across the user calls a conventional telephone number.
<br /> cellular grid.In other words,while a caller may dial her destina-
<br /> tion number from within the radius of one cell antenna.she may Semostey, Lasaseaping, and Sotbaeks
<br /> travel into the radius of another during the all.The all proceeds The most common objection to cellular cowers and antennas is
<br /> uninterrupted as the transmission is`patched"from one antenna their aesthetic impact.Residents,many of whom use the
<br /> to the next.While the caller is moving,the cellular antennas are technology,do not want co see the towers ductering their
<br /> automatically loafing an unoccupied frequency on the next landscape or degrading property values.Planners and industry
<br /> antenna,thus enabling continued muhsmission. professionals have gone to great lengths co scorn,conceal,and
<br /> When a caller cannot successfully place or maintain a all, set back towers and their associated buildings.All the
<br /> either he is out of range or the nearest antenna is at full ordinances reviewed contain some sort of requirement for
<br /> capacity.Cellular tower technology differs From satellite, maintaining existing vegetation or installing landscaping for the
<br /> microwave,or land-based communications in that it is based on purpose of screening the base of the cower and the storage
<br /> a network of short-range cell sires with a fixed capacity.If the building.Towers an also be camouflaged to blend with the
<br /> cells are not linked by cellular towers,microwave dishes.or surrounding environment through the use of color,materials,
<br /> ground-wired towers,transmission will fail:Similarly,if a cell is and design.For instance,Jefferson Parish.Louisiana,requires
<br /> crowded by coo many users,it must be"split"into two cells, that all cellular cowers be disguised as crar:
<br /> each having its own radius,thus,only the cellular antennas of 1.The entire facility must be aesthetically and architecturally
<br /> separate carriers can share space on the same tower.It is compatible with is environmena The use of residentially
<br /> physically impossible for a single carrier to deliver service compatible materials such as wood.brier,or stucco is
<br /> successfully if its antennas are not dispersed. required for associated support buildings.which shall be
<br /> Most Local regulations require chic all technically available designed to architecturally match the exterior of residential
<br /> space on existing cowers within dw jurisdiction be used before structures within the neighborhood.In no cast will metal
<br /> new cowers are erected.In other words,cellular carriers must em . a be allowed for accessory buildinv.
<br /> lease space to other carriers on their towers;the cellular industry --2 The rawer itself must be of such design and craced-with_an _
<br /> considers this leasing arrangement to be a leg-than-idd architectural material so chat is is camouflaged to resemble a
<br /> solution.As the demand ibr cellular telecommunications woody tree with a single sunk and branches on in upper put.
<br /> increases.cells in a gir=t area must be subdivided,or additional
<br /> carriers must be psx 1 1-- I to opera=d sae,The end result is the Setback distances an be guided by aesthetic and safety
<br /> need for more towaahr, concerns.Most ace expressed as a percentage of the cower
<br /> height.In L}s�Parsaoola.Florida.ordinance.the setback serves a
<br /> Tewes cas=t Awft s primarily aestheaic puipece:
<br /> Towers may need to range in lse�ht froar SO to 200 fat so that Mho distance bee the base of the communications cowers
<br /> antennas an overcoZ cue challenges pond to communications and any residental toning disaicc or any historical or
<br /> by local topography.The required height is usually proportional to architecturally significant building must equal 20 percent of the
<br /> a combination of die distance antennas an cover and the demand tower height.
<br /> within choir radius.Highs towels generally cover a larger
<br /> geographic area.but have a lower service demand,and are known Safety-oriented setbacks establish a dear zone for falling
<br /> as coverage sites.Shorter mwem,known as capacity sites,cover cower debris or the worse-case scenario,the towels collapse.
<br /> smaller areas with a more concentrated demand•.Tower height can Falling zones for rowers vary with their design.At most,they
<br /> also vary according to engineering requirements for a specific site will collapse to a distance equal to their full height.buc many
<br /> or the technical capabilities of the antennas being mounted. are designed to collapse first toward their base.The Oldham
<br /> In addition to dedicated,free-standing cellular towers County. Kentucky,setback provisions are designed with falling
<br /> (monopoles),there are guyed cowers(anchored with guy wins) zones in mind:
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