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ComprehensiveAssessmentofEmergencyMedicalServices <br />73 <br />DRAFTREPORTand911/CommunicationsCenterOperationsStudy <br />Police <br />Whileagreatdealhasbeenwrittenwithregardstolawenforcementresponsetimesthereisno <br />identifiabletimestandardwithwhichtojudgeperformanceorefficiencyusingonlytimeasabasis. <br />Urbanorruralsetting,natureoftheoffense,methodofnotificationandpersonnelandequipment <br />ntodescribethevariablesthatwillinevitablyeffectpoliceresponsetimetoan <br />availabilityonlybegi <br />emergencysituationtowhichtheyarecalled. <br />{L7;ŒŒärifthepolicearenotifiedasacrimeisinprogress,theyhaveagoodchancetoarrivebeforethe <br />perpetratorsleavethescene.Ifpolicedonotarriveatthescenewithinafewminutes,butstillarrive <br />whilewitnessesremainandareabletotalkwiththemwhilethecrimeisstillfreshintheirmemory,then <br />theyhaveahighprobabilityofbeingabletosolvethe-©z’;|u(NENA;911SystemSurveyandResource <br />Guide;2002) <br />Fire <br />TheNationalFireProtectionAgency(NFPA)statesthatifafireisnotsuppressedineightto10minutes <br />fromthetimeofignition,itwillflashover,spreadingoutsidetheinitialareaorroomoforigin. <br />{!­aruleofthumb,firstrespondersshouldarriveonthesceneinlessthanfiveminutes,90%ofthe <br />·z’;u|(NationalInstitutesofHealth) <br />{w;firedepartmentshallestablisharesponsetimeobjective...offourminutesorlessforthearrival <br />ofthefirstarrivingenginecompanyatafiresuppressionincident,fornotlessthan90%ofallz“-z7;“·­| <br />[NFPAStandard1710fortheOrganizationandDeploymentofFireSuppressionOperations;Section <br />4.1.3.1.1.].Notethat{©;­¦š“­;·z’;|inthisstandardisexpressedasthetimefrom{Þw;;Œ­are©šŒŒz“m| <br />to{Þw;;Œ­­·š¦¦;7|atthescene. <br />Medical <br />ThesameNFPAStandard(1710)alsostatesthat{7;¦Œšä’;“·objectivesareforthefirstresponder/AED <br />leveltoarrivewithinfourminutesfor90%ofall-ŒŒ­|u <br />{Cš©cardiacarrest,thehighesthospitaldischargeratehasbeenachievedinpatientsforwhomCPRwas <br />initiatedwithin4minutesofarrestandadvancedcardiaclifesupportwithin8minutes|u(American <br />HeartAssociation) <br />Inanincidentinvolvinglackofoxygen,braindamageisverylikelyat610minutes;irreversibleafter10 <br />minutes.(AmericanAssociationofOrthopedicSurgeons) <br />EmergencyCommunications <br />TheaforementionedNENApublication,911SystemSurveyandResourceGuide statesthat: <br />{!“importantunitofmeasurementforprimarypublicsafetyansweringpoints›t{!tx­œis averagecall <br />length.Calltakersanddispatchersmusttrytominimizecalllengthwhileatthesametimeprocessingall <br />oftheinformationrequiredtodispatcha-ŒŒu| <br />ThestudyfoundthattheaveragecalllengthdecreasedasPSAPsizeincreased.Averagecalllengthwas <br />91secondsforemergencycallsinsmallt{!tx­r74secondsformediumt{!tx­and66secondsforlarge <br />t{!tx­rasdefinedinthesurvey. <br />71 <br />SolutionsforLocalGovernment,Inc. <br /> <br />