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Such individual fixtures and lighting systems are designed, <br />constructed, and installed to maintain safety, security and <br />productivity, reduce glare, and curtail the degradation of the <br />nighttime visual environment in addition to promoting conservation <br />of energy. It is the intent of these regulations that lighting <br />unnecessary for safety or security be discouraged. <br />6.31.2 Definitions: <br /> AASHTO: American Association of State Highway and <br /> Transportation Officials <br /> Cutoff Fixture: An outdoor lighting fixture shielded or <br /> constructed in such a manner that no more than <br /> two and one half (2 '/z) percent of the total light <br /> emitted by the fixture is projected above the <br /> horizontal plane of the fixture. <br /> Direct Light:: Light emitted directly from the lamp, off of the <br /> reflector diffuser, or through the refractor or <br /> diffuser lens, of a luminaire. <br /> Fixture: The assembly that houses the lamp or lamps and <br /> can include all or some of the following parts: a <br /> housing, a mounting bracket or pole socket, a <br /> lamp holder, a ballast, a reflector or mirror, <br /> and/or a refractor or lens. <br /> Flood Lamp: A form of lighting designed to direct its output in <br /> a specific direction with a reflector formed from <br /> the glass envelope of the lamp itself. Such <br /> lamps are so designated by the manufacturers <br /> and are typically used in residential outdoor area <br /> Floodlight: A form of lighting designated to direct its output <br /> in a diffuse, more or less specific direction, with <br /> reflecting or refracting elements located external <br /> to the lamp. <br /> Footcandle (fc): The amount of light falling onto a surface. <br />Full Cutoff Fixture: An outdoor lighting fixture shielded or <br />rnnctn irtPri in ci ir•.h a manner that it Pmitc nn <br />