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Endnotes
<br />24
<br />1 Rep. David Price, "Homeland Security Challenges Facing the Next Administration," speech at the Center for
<br />American Progress (CAP) Action Fund, Washington, DC, June 23, 2008.
<br />2 U.S. Congress, FY2010 Conference Summary: Homeland Security Appropriations October 7, 2009.
<br />3 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "News Release: ICE unveils sweeping new plan to target criminal
<br />aliens in iails nationwide." March 28, 2008.
<br />4 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "News Release: Harris County Sheriff's Office first of several sites in
<br />the nation to receive full interoDerabilitv technology to help identify criminal aliens," October 29, 2008.
<br />s U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "Secure Communities: Deployment," updated September 24, 2009.
<br />e U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "News Release: Secretary Napolitano and ICE Assistant Secretary
<br />Morton announce that the Secure Communities Initiative identified more than 110,000 criminal aliens in its first
<br />ear " November 12, 2009.
<br />7 Testimony of David Venturella, Executive Director, Secure Communities, Immigration and Customs Enforcement,
<br />before the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Homeland Security, April 2, 2009.
<br />8 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "Secure Communities: Deployment," updated September 24, 2009.
<br />9 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Fact Sheet: Secure Communities, March 28, 2008. A more recent
<br />description is Secure Communities Fact Sheet, September 1, 2009.
<br />10 Note that Secure Communities does not issue the detainer. Secure Communities is a technology that identifies
<br />the individual. Other ICE officers must then take over the removal process after the identification is made.
<br />11 8 CFR 287.7(a) and 8 CFR 287.7(d).
<br />12 See U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "Secure Communities: Deployment," updated September 24,
<br />2009.
<br />13 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Fact Sheet: Secure Communities, March 28, 2008. The levels are
<br />also described in the Memorandum of Agreement Between U.S. Department of Homeland Security Immigration
<br />and Customs Enforcement. And /State identification Bureau7.
<br />14 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Memorandum of Agreement Between U.S. Department of
<br />Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement And (State Identification Bureau!.
<br />is U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Secure Communities Fact Sheet September 1, 2009.
<br />16 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Memorandum ofAareement Between U.S. Department of
<br />Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement And /State Identification Bureau7 and Secure
<br />Communities Standard Operating Procedures.
<br />17 Rep. David Price, "Statement on Passage of FY2010 Appropriations," July 25, 2009.
<br />18 For information, see Immigration Policy Center, Local Enforcement of Immigration Laws Throuah the 287(8)
<br />Program: Time, Money, and Resources Don't Add Up to Community Safety " April 1, 2009.
<br />19 See U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, "Fact Sheet: Delegation of immigration Authority Section
<br />287 " May 19, 2009. After significant criticism of the program, DHS recently announced that it has standardized
<br />the MOA and is renegotiating all current MOAs. DHS also announced that it expanded the 287(g) program to 11
<br />additional jurisdictions. See Department of Homeland Security, "Press Release: Secretary Napolitano Announces
<br />New Agreement for State and Local Immigration Enforcement Partnerships & Adds 11 New Agreements," July 10,
<br />2009.
<br />20 For example, see Suzanne Gamboa, "Citizens Held as Illegal Immigrants," Associated Press, April 12, 2009;
<br />"Native Was Threatened with Deportation," Associated Press, September 1, 2007.
<br />21 Anita Khashu, The Role of Local Police: Striking a Balance Between Immigration Enforcement and Civil Liberties
<br />(Washington, DC: Police Foundation, April 2009), p. 26.
<br />22 See Ryan Gabrielson, "Public Safety Shortchanged Throughout County," East Valley Tribune, July 12, 2008.
<br />23 For example, see American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina Legal Foundation and Immigration & Human
<br />Rights Polity Clinic of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, The Policies and Politics of Local Immigration
<br />Enforcement Laws: 287(a) Program in North Carolina February 2009; Aarti Shahani and Judith Greene, Local
<br />Democracy on ICE. Why State and Local Governments Have No Business in Federal Immigration Law Enforcement
<br />(Brooklyn, NY: Justice Strategies, February 2009).
<br />24 Testimony of David Venturella, Executive Director, Secure Communities, Immigration and Customs Enforcement,
<br />before the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Homeland Security, April 2, 2009.
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