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3 <br />_i <br />t <br />,J <br />A <br />AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT ON EiMSSIONS <br />OF ALLOWING DRIVE -'THRU SERVICE LANES <br />FROM t <br />1. Summary and Conchrsions ........................ :................ I <br />2. Overview .............:......... ............................... 3 <br />2.1 Emissions Modeling Methodology ............................... 3 <br />2.2 Analysis of Restaurant Activities .......... .......1 4 <br />3. . Introduction .................•.... ....... ........................ 8 <br />3.1 Purpose and Scope of This Study . . ............. .....:........... 8 <br />3,2 Guide to the RemainderoftheReport..:...... .... 9 <br />4, 'Emissions Modeling Methodology ................................... 11 <br />4.1 Modal Emissions Description .... ..............................: 'i I <br />4.2 Standard Mobile Source Modeling Approach ............. . ........ 15 <br />4.3 Modeling of Exhaust Emissions .. .. ............................. 18 <br />4.4 Modeling of Evaporative Emissions .......................... . 24 <br />5. Convenience Restaurant Activity Levels ................ ............ 26 <br />5.1 Collection and Analysis of Representative 15ata ...................... 27 <br />6. Re`Iatan`ve'En -5 ion3 Analysis ...............: ...................... . <br />6.1 Average On -Site Vehicle Emissions ............................... 30 <br />6.2 Average Total Trip Vehicle Emissions ............................ 33 <br />6.3 Effect of Eliminating the Drive -Thru Prohibition .........:.......... 37 <br />7. References .................. ...............r............... 41 <br />J <br />l <br />Appendix A - Emission Calculations <br />27 <br />