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103 <br />Affecting the development of drive - through facilities curreudy is controlled throuo the <br />zoning prooss and limitation of co n&tional use permits, which is exclusively under the <br />control of does and counties. Hence, this type of control measure may be difficult to <br />implement on a regional, statewide, or national basis. - <br />Equity considerations are an issite that has arisen in past public policy debates over the <br />possible limitation of drive- through facilities. Is it fair to remove existing, already ap- <br />proved and operating drive-up.facilities? Conversely, is it fair to ban or even limit new <br />drive -up facilities and allow existing services to continue to operate? <br />The following implementation guidelines cau be summarized: <br />a Controls on vehicle operations are probably most effectively implemented at the <br />state level. <br />• Controls on development are the province of local jurisdictions. In this case, regional <br />and state agencies fan play a valuable technical assistance role. <br />" Controls on drive - through facilities generally are most effective as limitations rather <br />than outright bans. <br />Design standards represent an appropriate implementation mechanism, based on <br />congestion as well as emission considerations. <br />Data should be collected prior to enactment of any measure so as to establish the <br />magnitude of existing idling emissions that'would be impacted. <br />Controls on extended idling of vehicles will impact existing businesses as well as the <br />public. It is important that representatives of both groups be actively involved iin the <br />planning, analysis, and development of any such controls. As evidenced by the <br />history, of the proposed California legislation on heavy -duty vehicle idling, imple- <br />mentation prospects can be enhanced by actively involving potentially impacted <br />business interests in the development of proposed control measures.. <br />® Bibliography • <br />1. Guensler, Randall, Daniel Sperling; and Paul Jovanis, "Uncertainty in the Emission <br />inventory for Heavy-Duty, Diesel- Powered Trucks ", report prepared for the TRED <br />Foundation, Sacramento, Californtaf Institute of Transportation Studies, University <br />of California, Davis, Research Report No. UCi? -IWRR 91-t)2, June 1991. <br />2. "Guidelines for Local Air Districts Considering Trai sportation Control Measures <br />Directed at Heavy4ruck Operations ", report prepared by the A32595 Technical <br />Advisory Group Established pursuant to the California Clean Air Act (Assembly Bill <br />Warded Micktdtiag 7 <br />