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Energy Efficiency in Public Schools 17 <br />Appendix D <br />Overview <br />The following outline of technologies, strategies, tools, and issues does not present any new concepts for <br />school construction standards and financing policy makers. Rather, the emphasis here is to present those <br />concepts in a single simple document that indicates that creating fiscally sound energy efficiencies and <br />achieving real savings in energy and energy technology expenditures are a matter of planning and balance. <br />Energy Savings Tools and Strategies <br />• Energy Efficient Lighting - efficient lighting types (fluorescent, metal halide, high pressure <br />and Lighting Design sodium), proper lighting levels, lighting controls (occupancy sensors, <br />level controls, etc.), task lighting, multi-stage lighting, etc. <br />• Energy Management Controls - Thermostats, HVAC setback controls, etc. <br />• Siting. - solar orientation, earth integration, plantings/landscaping <br />• Energy Efficient Heating, Ventilation - High efficiency motors, fuel selection, system design, <br />and Air Conditioning zoning, thermal storage, heat reuse natural convection <br />• Building Shell - color, thermal mass, insulation, location of windows, window glazing (diffusion, <br />high transmittance, etc.) interior and exterior reflectance, ceiling height <br />• Solar Energy - daylighting and passive solar heating <br />Important terms and concepts for developing energy savings strategies <br />_ - Electrical Energy-cost components - Peak demand charge, time of day rates, usage costs <br />• Energy use goal - The lowest target for or limit of a building's energy use (in British Thermal - <br />Units [BTU's] per square foot per year) <br />=> Town of Chapel Kill Energy Ordinance sets goal at-30% less than NC State <br />Building Code requirements <br />US Department of Energy Building Energy Performance - Standards range <br />from 3 6, 000 BTU's per square foot per year for elementary schools to 5 0, 000 <br />BTU's per square foot per year for high school gymnasiums <br />• Energy use budget - The upper limit of building's energy use in BTU's per square foot per year <br />• Life cycle cost analysis - The annualized cost of installing or constructing, operating and <br />maintaining any component or feature of building over its useful life or <br />some portion thereof deemed appropriate in analysis <br />13 <br />