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34 <br />Newer vehicles will continue to get cleaner with each subsequent model yeaz over the next four <br />years. The new Federal tailpipe standards aze set at an average standazd of 0.07 grams per mile <br />for nitrogen oxides for all classes of passenger vehicles beginning in 2004. This includes all <br />light-duty trucks, as well as the lazgest SUVs. For more detail, including phase-in by vehicle <br />type, see USEPA's Tier 2 Vehicle Standazd Final Rule at: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/ld- <br />hwy/tier-2lfmalrule.htm <br />• Gasoline fuels are improving. Refiners and importers of gasoline wee required to meet stricter <br />sulfur content requirements by 2006. Low sulfur gasoline enables better emission controls, and <br />can lead to further emission reductions from today's catalyst-equipped fleet. See USEPA's <br />Gasoline Sulfur Program Final Rule at: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/ld-hwy/tier- <br />Z/fmah-ule.htm <br />• Emissions from heavy-duty on-highway vehicles are expected to decrease due to USEPA's <br />Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standazds and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control <br />Requirements. Stricter NOx emission standazds are being phased in between 2007 and 2010 for <br />diesel engines. New standards for on-road diesel fuel (15 ppm sulfur content) were phased in at <br />the terminal level by July 15, 2006 and at the retail stations by September 1, 2006. See: <br />http://www.epa.gov/otaq/diesel.htm#hd2007 <br />• Expansion of vehicle inspection and maintenance programs to more counties in North Cazolina <br />so that more polluting vehicles aze identified and repaired, thus lowering emissions. <br />The combination of the technology/fuel improvements/vehicle maintenance and resulting emission <br />reductions exceeds the effect of increased VMT in the Triangle azea. The trend in the Triangle <br />azea is not uncommon. On a national level this trend is also seen in data gathered by the Federal <br />Highway Administration (FHWA). For additional detail, see the FHWA web site on vehicle miles <br />traveled and vehicle emissions at: http://www.fliwa.dot.gov/environment/vmtems.htm <br />Table 16. Durham County Emissions Comparison Summary (kg/day) <br />Year NOx COl <br /> SIP Budgets I,RTP Emissions SIP Budgets (tons) SIP Budgets (kg) I.RTP Emissions (kg) <br />20152 13,106 5,154 177.22 160,771 80,141 <br />20172 4,960 4,701 177.22 160,771 80,355 <br />20253 4,960 2,555 177.22 160,771 76,243 <br />20354 4,960 2,447 177.22 160,771 83,583 <br />Table 17. Wake County Emissions Comparison Summary (kg/day) <br />Year NOx CO <br /> SIP Budgets LRTP Emissions SIP Budgets (tons) SIP Budgets (kg) LRTP Emissions (kg) <br />20152 36,615 15,927 384.27 348,604 265,166 <br />20172 16,352 14,632 384.27 348,604 268,405 <br />20253 16,352 8,672 384.27 348,604 269,739 <br />20354 16,352 8,117 384.27 348,604 291,050 <br />26 <br />